Data Center network layout and integrated cabling planning

It company networking, we should not only from the actual needs of the enterprise itself, according to the amount of network funds to plan and design the network in a pragmatic manner, after the procurement of network equipment and servers and other equipment, how to the computer room, office location for the Rational network layout and wiring, for our network management staff, is the important. This article said the network layout is mainly refers to the computer room network equipment, servers and other equipment how to place, they and network wiring How to get along, in short, network layout to consider comprehensive.





first, the principle of network layout





1, Practical





Enterprises to set up a local area network should be based on the size of the computer room, the number of equipment to implement, according to the characteristics of network cabling to play a network layout practicality is very important.





2, comprehensive





in the process of network, server and other equipment placement should be integrated, network layout should be considered comprehensive, as far as possible to make a variety of equipment and wiring system in a reasonable position.





3, Reliability





Network No matter how the layout, the ultimate goal is to ensure that all of our local area network equipment can be reliable and stable operation, so that the network can function properly.





4, easy to maintain and upgrade





network is not static, with the continuous development of IT business needs, the original set up a local area network needs to be constantly improved and expanded; In the day-to-day maintenance of the network, planning the network layout should be considered to facilitate the maintenance of the network and upgrade operations.





second, the specific implementation requirements of network layout





for Wired LAN, this is our current enterprise network construction, often encounter, need to the room and office building wiring. Planning the network layout should take into account the equipment layout of the computer room and cabling system reasonable collocation. Therefore, we must first plan and design a good computer room, wiring system, and then comprehensively consider the layout of the network.




Planning and design of
computer room





In order to ensure the network, computer system stable, safe, reliable operation, and ensure that the room staff have a good working environment, to achieve advanced technology, economic reasonable, safe application, to ensure quality, in line with the state-related computer room design requirements.





(1) anti-static





static electricity will not only run a random malfunction on the computer, but will also lead to some components, two-stage circuit, such as breakdown and destruction. In addition, it will affect the normal work and physical and mental health of operators and maintenance personnel. 3lian.com





(2) Fire protection, anti-theft





computer room in the design, the emphasis should be given to the fire extinguishing design of the engine room. Design can be based on fire prevention level to determine the room design, computer room fire alarm requirements on the first floor with duty room or monitoring points. The room should pay attention to the installation of anti-theft facilities, the specific use of anti-theft door, anti-theft lock, security, automatic alarm system and so on.





(3) Lightning protection





because of the computer room communication and power cable from the outside into the room, vulnerable to the attack of lightning, room building lightning protection design is particularly important. The core wire of the computer communication cable, the telephone line should install the Lightning arrester.





(4) Moisturizing, insulation





room humidity should be maintained in 20%-80%, the room temperature should be maintained in 15℃-35℃ degrees Celsius, the installation of air-conditioning to adjust the temperature is the best way to solve this problem.




Planning and design of
wiring system





has a good computer room, network equipment has a good "home", the formation of the IT network should be through the wiring system will be the room and office sites interconnected to ensure the normal operation of the network. If the enterprise's access point is more, we can take the access layer, the convergence layer, the Exchange layer three network levels of design, on the basis of cabling system.





For the access layer, choosing a reasonable access device is the most critical, and we have to choose the right bandwidth according to the access device. The convergence layer is the core of the whole LAN, the network equipment of the convergence layer generally supports the network management function, which facilitates our management and maintenance, and facilitates our network upgrade and transformation. The exchange layer is the middle layer of the whole network, which is connected with the node of Convergence and network, and it is an important link to determine the quality of the whole network transmission. With the popularity of hundred gigabit network equipment, we exchange layer of network equipment, certainly preferred hundred trillion.





wiring is an important link of connecting network access layer, convergence layer, Exchange layer and network node. In the wiring, it is best to use a special channel, and not with the power cord, air-conditioning line and other radiation lines with a mixed wiring.





between the connecting layer and the convergence layer, we can choose Super Five type shielded twisted pair, so as to maximize the network performance. The twisted pair between the convergence layer and the Exchange layer is the largest network data transmission level, also uses the Super five kind of shielded twisted pair line. Between the switching layer and the network node, we can use the ordinary super five type unshielded twisted pair wires.





network equipment placement, preferably placed in the center of the node, this is not to save the cost of integrated wiring, but to improve the overall performance of the network, improve the network transmission quality. Since the transmission distance of twisted pair is 100 meters, the best network transmission quality can be obtained at 95 meters. In doing network wiring, it is best to design a device, place network equipment.




Planning and design of
network layout





Current network Equipment Most of the use of rack-type structure (mostly flat, like a drawer), such as switches, routers, hardware firewalls and so on. These devices have such a structural type because they are designed according to international cabinet standards, so that everyone's plane size is basically unified, can be installed together in a large vertical standard cabinet. The advantages of this is very obvious: on the one hand, can make the equipment occupy the smallest space, on the other hand, it is easy to connect with other network equipment and management, at the same time the room will also appear neat, beautiful.





We are often exposed to the placement of the computer room has a network cabinet, server cabinets and integrated wiring cabinets, from the names of these three cabinets can be seen in their respective role; In general, network equipment such as switches, routers, firewalls, encryption machines, etc., as well as network communications equipment such as optical transceiver, modems, etc. are placed in the network cabinet The server cabinet has a width of 19 inches, a height of u (1u=1.75 inch = 44.45 mm), and usually 1u,2u,3u,4u several standard servers. Cabinet size is also the use of common industrial standards, usually ranging from 22U to 42U, the cabinet in the U's height has removable sliding frame, the user can adjust the height of their own servers flexibly to store servers, hubs, disk array cabinets and other equipment. After the server is placed, all of its I/O line from the rear of the cabinet out (all the interface of the rack server is also in the rear), unified placement in the Cabinet of the slot, the general stickers have labels, easy to manage.





General wiring cabinets are generally equipped with removable installation column, free to set the installation space, can be configured according to the needs of partitions, fans, power outlets and other accessories. The wiring frame is usually installed in the cabinet, the side of the wiring frame is RJ45 mouth, and marked with number, the other side is the jumper interface, the above also marked with the number, these numbers and the above RJ45 port number is one by one corresponding. Each set of jumpers are identified with brown, blue, orange, green color, twisted pair of color line and these jumper one by one corresponding, this is not easy to answer the wrong. The wiring frame is not only easy to manage the line pair, but also can prevent crosstalk, increase the line pair's isolation space, provide 360 degrees of line pair isolation.





in the engine room, switches, functional server groups, and network printing devices must be placed, as well as a variety of devices required for the local area network to connect to the Internet, such as routers, firewalls, and network management workstations; Therefore, the computer room layout generally has at least three cabinets, integrated wiring cabinets and network cabinets should be tightly linked together, Easy to adjust line operation, the next is the server cabinet, the network equipment and cabling system for reasonable layout.





in the network layout, each cabinet is best to leave some space for later network equipment, server equipment expansion, integrated wiring cabinets may be in addition to the network wiring, there are also able to decorate the telephone line, so to leave a certain space in the cabinet.





From the angle attached to the internal cable of the Cabinet, the cabinet has higher density, more IT equipment, a large number of redundant accessories (such as redundant power supply, storage array, etc.), the equipment in the cabinet is frequently transformed, and the data line and cable can be added or decreased at any time. Therefore, the cabinet must provide sufficient cable channels, from the top of the cabinet, the bottom of the cable. Within the cabinet, the cable must be laid in a convenient, orderly, close to the cable interface of the equipment to shorten the wiring distance, reduce the space occupancy of the cable, ensure the installation, adjustment and maintenance of the equipment without interference from the wiring, and ensure that the cooling airflow will not be blocked by the cable; Able to quickly locate the wiring of the equipment.





power supply and refrigeration system are two important parts of computer room. In the power supply system, the on-line UPS power supply mode is generally used, the capacity of the battery can be used is closely related to the discharge current of the battery, the operating temperature of the storage battery, the length of storage time and the nature of the load (resistance, electric sensibility, capacitance). Refrigeration system (air-conditioning) involves the whole physical environment of the computer room, including air-conditioning, floor, cabinet and room layout, etc. so ups and air-conditioning we also have to consider to put them in a suitable location. If the room space is large, ups and air-conditioning can be placed in the room, if the space is small, UPS (including batteries) can be placed in the distribution room. It is important to note that if the building has "central air-conditioning", the room must also be installed independent air-conditioning, because the central air-conditioning can not be opened 24 hours, work time to use central air-conditioning, work and week holidays, if the server, network equipment need to operate normally, You have to open a separate air conditioner in the room.




The expansion of the
cabinet is manifested in the expansion of equipment density and the expansion of the number of cabinets in the cabinet, so the distribution capacity of the cabinet (usually called the thermal capacity) and the power distribution capacity must be taken into account in the network layout. On the one hand, the equipment in the cabinet needs the temperature, humidity and adequate air volume of the cold wind (cold air). These cold winds are inhaled by IT equipment in the cabinet, which cools the parts within the device, especially the CPU. When the equipment in the cabinet is increased to a certain number, the air supply from the floor outlet will not meet the needs of all equipment, thus forming part of the IT equipment distribution is not enough wind and overheating.





solve this local hotspot problem when equipment density expands in cabinet, it can be solved by the way of provisioning IT equipment location. For example, install the maximum heat load equipment in the middle of the cabinet in order to obtain the maximum wind volume. Another solution is to install an axial horizontal strong fan at the upper or lower parts of the cabinet to enhance the suction capacity of the upper or lower part (that is, to reduce the inlet static pressure of IT equipment), thereby increasing the air supply.





on the other hand, the equipment inside the cabinet needs power and communication with the outside of the cabinet. When the number of it devices in the cabinet increases, these cables and connecting terminals multiply at the same time, which puts forward the expansion requirements for the capacity of rack type power supply and the number of sockets. The wiring space in the cabinet also needs to be considered in advance, because when the power density in the cabinet increases, the cable in the rear of the equipment will obviously increase the wind resistance, so we must consider the cable management and the problem of the line space.