Reprinted from: http://www.yishimei.cn/network/73.html
Believe that a lot of people have met "This version of SQL Server data tools is incompatible with the database runtime components installed on this computer," in VS2012, connect the database in SQL Server SP1, right-click the table in the database, and then select Show Table data, prompting "This version of SQL Server Data Tools is incompatible with the database runtime components installed on this computer." Both SQL Server 2012 and VS2012 have been upgraded to the latest.
The problem you are having now is not related to your VS2012 and SQL2012, and you need to upgrade your SQL Server Data tools version. You need to download the installation SSDT for Visual Studio 2012.
Http://download.microsoft.com/download/A/8/6/A86FB78E-D6EB-4DBF-B25A-6B113D25F4CE/Dev11/CN/SSDTSetup.exe
After installation, the "Show Table data" option should be available after you restart the VS2012.
Data Tools versus vs incompatibility issues appear