Debian 5.0.1 xfce4.2 installation experience

Debian 5.0.1 xfce4.2 installation experience
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Motivation:
Debian has been used for a while before. Due to its troubles in configuration, Ubuntu is generally used for compaction, because it has good hardware compatibility and user experience, however, because the local memory is not too large, xubuntu was used for a while and found to be getting slower and slower, and the xfce4 startup speed was really unbearable, generally between 2-5 minutes, some people say that Ubuntu = Debian + bug, huh, I personally think that if you are a newbie, then Ubuntu will be the best for you, but if you are familiar with Linux, debian is a good one. Considering Ubuntu's efficiency, some people have compared xubuntu 9.04 vs Debian 5.0.1 xfce. In terms of efficiency, Ubuntu is inferior to Debian.

This configuration:
Hp6530b
CPU: p8400
Graphics: x4500 GMA
NIC: WiFi Link 5100agn
Hard drive: SATA 160 GB

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The Debian installation version is: debian-501-amd64-xfce + lxde-CD-1.iso, which you can download from www.debian.org, I installed testing version, because considering the graphics card and network card problems, this version is relatively new in drivers.

The following describes the problems encountered during the installation process, because there are a lot of problems on the Debian installation process official website and Google. By the way, I installed it on a CD, which is more convenient.

1. update sources. list source. There are many sources on the Internet. You can also use apt-spy to find the fastest source and add it to sources. in list, Google the usage of APT-spy. After update
Sudo apt-Get update
Sudo apt-Get upgrade
At this time, some of the latest drivers will go online. If your kernel is 2.6.26, you can use sudo apt-caceh search Linux-kernel to find the latest kernel, now the latest kernel is 2.6.30-1-amd64. You can use sudo apt-Get install... after installation, restart and load the kernel.

2. configure your locale to execute dpkg-reconfigure locales select the locale you want to use, for example, I chose the en_US.UTF-8 zh_cn.gb2312 zh_CN.UTF-8 zh_cn.gb18030 zh_cn.gbk, press enter, select your system default locale I selected en_US.UTF-8 because I think Linux Console does not need to use Chinese, but also install a zhcon, trouble.

3. Wireless NIC Driver Problems
When your kernel is upgraded to 2.6.30, it should bring the latest driver. If you still cannot use a wireless network card, use lshw-C network to check whether the wireless network card is configured, whether the driver is not enabled or not installed properly. If the driver is not installed properly, you can go to login on. You can use sudo ifconfig wlan0 up to call. By the way, the lshw command should go to the next installation package. Google it. It does not seem to have been found in the source. You can also use the iwlist command to check whether the hp6530b wireless Nic is configured for me for two days, I found many methods.

The following are some solutions to the problems encountered by others.

Http://forums11.itrc.hp.com/service/forums/bizsupport/questionanswer.do? Admit = 109447626 + 1253685021245 + 28353475 & threadid = 1248210

Http://wiki.debian.org/iwlagn

Http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/getting-the-internal-wireless-card-on-hp-6530b-laptop-to-work-on-debian-2.6.24.4-688958/

Http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-laptop-and-netbook-25/hp-elitebook-6930p-wireless-switch-not-working-694419/

4. Video Card Driver Problems
When the network is installed, your resolution cannot be adjusted. You need to update xserver-Xorg-video-intel to 2.8.1 before adjustment, this can be adjusted after 1st items are completed, But I encountered a problem that the brightness cannot be adjusted using fnf9 and fnf10. I found a method as follows:

Screen brightness

The brightness problem isn't solved yet (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/284319 ), but creating a file/usr/share/hal/fdi/information/20 thirdparty/30-keymap-private.fdi with the following content enabled the FN F9/F10 keys:
<? XML version = "1.0" encoding = "ISO-8859-1"?> <! ---*-SGML-*--->

<Deviceinfo version = "0.2">
<Device>

<Match key = "@ input. originating_device: info. Linux. Driver" string = "atkbd">
<Match key = "/org/freedesktop/hal/devices/computer: system. Hardware. Vendor" prefix = "Hewlett-Packard">
<Match key = "/org/freedesktop/hal/devices/computer: system. Hardware. Product" contains = "6930 P">
<! -- HP Compaq 6930 p -->
<Append key = "input. keymap. Data" type = "strlist"> e012: brightnessdown </append> <! -- Fnf9 (brightness down) -->
<Append key = "input. keymap. Data" type = "strlist"> e017: brightnessup </append> <! -- Fnf10 (brightness up) -->
</Match>
</Match>
</Match>
</Device>
</Deviceinfo>

When you have this file, you'll see the OSD when you press FN F9/F10. after issuing the following command, these keys will actually work:
Xrandroid -- output LVDS -- set backlight_control nativethis helps if you boot with A/C power. If you boot on battery, the display will remain dimmed until you reboot with A/C power.
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But it doesn't seem to work either. You just need to install a small software.

Sudo apt-Get install xbacklight

Xrandroid -- output LVDS -- set backlight_control native
Xbacklight-Dec 10 # To up brightness by 10
Xbacklight-Inc 10 # To down brightness by 10

You need to use commands to configure each time you start the service. This is troublesome. If any of you can find a solution, please let me know. Thank you.

5. Audio/Video driver problems
If the sound card driver is installed with the latest ALSA, it will be OK. If not, you can:
Apt-Get install ALSA-base ALSA-utils
Run alsaconf and press Enter.
Then run ALSA-mixer to set the volume, m to cancel the mute, and ESC to exit.
Run alsactl store again
Download a song or use CAT/dev/urandom>/dev/DSP to hear the sound. :-)
In addition, you can also.

6. System Backup

This is from the Internet.

Howto: Backup and Restore your system!
Hi, and welcome to The heliode guide to successful backing-up and restoring of a Linux system!

Most of you have probably used windows before you started using ubuntu. during that time you might have needed to backup and restore your system. for Windows you wowould need proprietary software for which you wowould have to reboot your machine and boot into a special environment in which you cowould perform the backing-up/restoring (programs like Norton Ghost ).
During that time you might have wondered why it wasn't possible to just add the whole C:/to a big zip-file. this is impossible because in windows, there are lots of files you can't copy or overwrite while they are being used, and therefore you needed specialized software to handle this.

Well, I'm here to tell you that those things, just like rebooting, are windows crazythings (TM ). there's no need to use programs like ghost to create backups of your Ubuntu system (or any Linux system, for that matter ). in fact; using ghost might be a very bad idea if you are using anything but ext2. ext3, the default Ubuntu partition, is seen by ghost as a damaged ext2 partition and does a very good job at screwing up your data.

1: backing-up

"What shoshould I use to backup my system then? "Might you ask. easy; the same thing you use to backup/compress everything else; tar. unlike windows, Linux doesn' t Restrict root access to anything, so you can just throw every single file on a partition in a tar file!

To do this, become root
Code:

Sudo Su

And go to the root of your filesystem (we use this in our example, but you can go anywhere you want your backup to end up, including remote or removable drives .)
Code:

CD/

Now, below is the full command I wocould use to make a backup of my system:

Code:

Tar cvpzf backup. tgz -- exclude =/proc -- exclude =/lost + found -- exclude =/backup. tgz -- exclude =/mnt -- exclude =/sys/

Now, lets explain this a little bit.
The 'tar 'Part is, obviusly, the program we're going to use.

'Cvpfz' are the options we give to tar, like 'create archive' (obviously ),
'Reserve permission' (to keep the same permissions on everything the same), and 'gzip' to keep the size down.

Next, the name the archive is going to get. Backup. tgz in our example.

Next comes the root of the directory we want to backup. Since we want to backup everything ;/

Now come the directories we want to exclude. we don't want to backup everything since some dirs aren't very useful to include. also make sure you don't include the file itself, or else you'll get weird results.
You might also not want to include the/mnt folder if you have other partitions mounted there or you'll end up backing those up too. also make sure you don't have anything mounted in/Media (I. e. don't have any CD's or removable media mounted ). either that or exclude/media.

Edit: kvidell suggests below we also exclude the/dev directory. I have other eviugh that says it is very unwise to do so though.

Well, if the Command agrees with you, hit enter (or return, whatever) and sit back & relax. This might take a while.

Afterwards you'll have a file called backup. tgz in the root of your filessytem, which is probably pretty large. now you can burn it to DVD or move it to another machine, whatever you like!

Edit2:
At the end of the process you might get a message along the lines of 'tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors 'or something, but in most cases you can just ignore that.

Alternatively, you can use Bzip2 to compress your backup. This means higher compression but lower speed. If compression is important to you, just substitute
The 'z' in the command with 'J', and give the backup the right extension.
That wocould make the command look like this:

Code:

Tar cvpjf backup.tar.bz2 -- exclude =/proc -- exclude =/lost + found -- exclude =/backup.tar.bz2 -- exclude =/mnt -- exclude =/sys/

2: restoring

Warning: Please, for goodness sake, be careful here. If you don't understand what you are doing here you might end up overwriting stuff that is important to you, so please take care!

Well, we'll just continue with our example from the previous chapter; the file backup. tgz in the root of the partition.

Once again, make sure you are root and that you and the backup file are in the root of the filesystem.

One of the beautiful things of Linux is that this'll work even on a running system; no need to screw around with boot-CD's or anything. of course, if you 've rendered your system unbootable you might have no choice but to use a live-CD, but the results are the same. you can even remove every single file of a Linux system while it is running with one command. i'm not giving you that command though!

Well, back on-topic.
This is the command that I wocould use:

Code:

Tar xvpfz backup. tgz-C/

Or if you used bz2;

Code:

Tar xvpfj backup.tar.bz2-C/

Warning: This will overwrite every single file on your partition with the one in the archive!

Just hit enter/return/your brother/whatever and watch the fireworks. Again, this might take a while. When it is done, you have a fully restored Ubuntu system! Just make sure that, before you do anything else, you re-create the directories you excluded:
Code:

Mkdir proc
Mkdir lost + found
Mkdir mnt
Mkdir sys
Etc...

And when you reboot, everything shocould be the way it was when you made the backup!

2.1: grub restore
Now, if you want to move your system to a new harddisk or if you did something nasty to your grub (like, say, install Windows), you'll also need to reinstall grub.
There are several very good howto's on how to do that here on this forum, so I'm not going to reinvent the wheel. Instead, take a look here:

Http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthre...t=grub+restore

There are a couple of methods proposed. I personally recommend the second one, posted by remmelt, since that has always worked for me.

7. Installation of Common Software
If you want to install a new software in Ubuntu, you can install synaptic and sudo apt-Get install synaptic. You can find some common software in Linux on the Linux forum.

Of course, you can also install some development tools such as G ++ and GCC through the new version. If the new version is not in progress, go to the source code to install it.

By the way, if you encounter an error after upgrading to grub2, you can use the installation disk to rescue mode to re-install grub. It may be because grub2 has a bug.

Good luck.