Decommission battery cannot be thrown

Battery

Dangers of waste batteries

A button battery can pollute 0.6 million liters of water, which is equal to the amount of water consumed by a person throughout his life. A battery rotten in the ground can make 1 m² of the land lose the use value, so it is not too much to describe a waste battery as a "pollution bomb.

The common dry batteries we use are mainly acidic zinc-manganese batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, which contain various metal substances such as mercury, manganese, cadmium, lead and zinc, after the waste battery is abandoned, the shell of the battery will gradually corrode, and heavy metals will gradually penetrate into the water body and soil, resulting in pollution. The biggest characteristic of heavy metal pollution is that it cannot be degraded in nature and can only be eliminated through purification.

The dangers of waste batteries are mainly concentrated on a small amount of heavy metals contained in them.

Hazards of metal types

Excessive manganese accumulation in the body causes neurological dysfunction, early manifestation of comprehensive sexual disorder. In severe cases, the two legs are sunk, the language is monotonous, the expression is dull, and the feelings are cold, often accompanied by mental symptoms.

Zinc and zinc salts can precipitate proteins and stimulate the mucous membranes. Chemical pneumonia may occur when the concentration in water exceeds 10-50 milli Shi/litre. Lead: lead is mainly applied to nervous system, blood circulation system, digestive system, liver, kidney and other organs can inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of hemoglobin, but also can directly act on mature red blood cells, it has a great impact on infants and young children. It will lead to physical retardation in children, and chronic lead poisoning can lead to mental retardation in children.

Nickel-nickel powder is dissolved in blood and participates in circulation in vivo. It has strong toxicity and can damage the central nervous system and cause vascular variation. Serious cases lead to cancer.

Mercury is the most important among these heavy metal pollutants. This heavy metal is harmful to humans. For a long time, when China is producing dry batteries, to add a toxic substance-mercury or mercury compound, the content of mercury in Alkaline Dry Battery in China reaches 1-5%, and the content of neutral Dry Battery is 0.025%, the annual use of mercury for the production of dry batteries nationwide has obvious neurotoxicity, and has adverse effects on endocrine systems and immune systems. In 1953, the Water Polo Incident, which shocked the world, occurred on the island of Kyushu, Japan, the alarm of mercury pollution has sounded to humans.

Heavy Metal Pollution threatens human health. If we ignore the control of heavy metal pollution, we will eventually swallow our own bitter fruit. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the recycling of waste batteries.

The hazards of waste battery mainly refer to radiation and heavy metal pollution:

First, the radiation is very weak. Only when the battery is used to generate the current will there be weak radiation, and the used battery generally does not need to supply power, so the current and radiation can be ignored;

In addition, heavy metal pollution, battery components contain a large number of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, manganese, and lead. When the surface of the battery is rusted for a long time, Heavy Metals will penetrate into the soil and groundwater, pollution of soil and water, which is the main harm of battery.

Recycling method:

Laboratory recycling method: the ordinary Dry Battery is cylindrical, and the outer tube is made of Zinc. This zinc cylinder is the negative electrode of the battery. The central carbon rod of the cylinder is the positive electrode. The inside of the cylinder is manganese dioxide, ammonium chloride and zinc chloride. The following describes how to recycle the substances in two waste dry batteries:

(1) extract ammonium chloride: Put the black substance in the battery in the water and mix it and filter it. Place part of the filtrate In the evaporation dish and evaporate it to a white solid and then heat it, use "Sublimation" to collect pure ammonium chloride.

(2) Preparation of Zinc Particles: Cut the zinc pieces on the zinc tube into fragments and place them in the Medium-strong heat of the Crucible (Zinc Melting Point 419 degrees). After melting, carefully pour the zinc pages into the cold water to obtain zinc particles.

Industrial recycling methods: there are roughly three kinds of waste battery treatment methods available internationally: solidification and deep burial, storage and waste mine, and recycling.

1. Solid and buried, stored in waste mine
For example, a French factory extracts nickel and cadmium from it and then uses nickel for steelmaking, while cadmium is used again to produce battery. The remaining waste batteries are generally transported to specialized toxic and hazardous waste landfills. However, this method is not only costly but also wasteful, because there are still many useful materials that can be used as raw materials.

2. Recycling

(1) Heat Treatment

Two factories in Switzerland specifically process and use old batteries. The battery company used to grind the old battery and send it to the furnace for heating. Then, the volatile mercury can be extracted, zinc also evaporate when the temperature is higher, and it is also a valuable metal. After the fusion of iron and manganese, it becomes the manganese iron alloy required for steel making. The plant can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year and obtain 780 tons of manganese iron alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron from the battery directly and sells a mixture of manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide and other metals as scrap metal. However, the heat treatment method is expensive, and Switzerland also requires that a small amount of waste battery processing fees be charged to each battery purchaser.

(2) "wet processing"

A "wet treatment" device is being built in the suburbs of Magdeburg. In addition to lead batteries, all kinds of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and various metals are extracted from the solution using ionic resins, the raw material obtained in this way is purer than the heat treatment method, so the price is higher in the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the battery can be extracted. Wet Processing can save the sorting process (because sorting is manual, it will increase the cost ). The annual processing capacity of the Magdeburg unit can reach 7500 tons. Although its cost is slightly higher than that of the landfill method, the valuable raw materials will not be discarded, and the environment will not be polluted.

(3) vacuum heat treatment method
The vacuum heat treatment method developed by Germany's alte company is cheaper, but this first requires sorting out nickel-cadmium batteries in the waste battery, and adding heat to the waste battery in the vacuum. In this case, mercury rapidly evaporates to recycle it, then, the remaining raw materials are ground, and iron is extracted from the magnet, and nickel and manganese are extracted from the remaining powder. The cost of processing a ton of waste battery is less than 1500 mark.

Iv. Outlook
Nowadays, people's environmental awareness has been greatly improved. For example, waste batteries have been placed in specialized buckets in Beijing and Shanghai. I believe that the recycling of waste batteries will be well solved in the near future.

 

Iii. Recycling Technology of Waste Battery (refer)
1. Ups and large capacity maintenance-free lead-acid battery regeneration protection supplementary Liquid
2. Remove chemical lead-acid battery
3. methods for handling metal scrap
4. Removal and recovery of mercury from waste batteries
5. Extraction of zinc and manganese dioxide from waste Dry Battery
6. Recovery of anode materials from waste lithium batteries
7. metal recovery from waste lithium-ion battery
8. Extraction of Manganese Dioxide and Zinc from waste zinc-manganese Dry Battery
9. methods and equipment for obtaining rich substances from waste batteries
10. methods and devices for separating battery, button battery and metal from garbage
11. metal recovery from used nickel-metal hydride batteries
12. method 2 for metal recovery from used nickel-metal hydride batteries
13. Secondary Battery reuse Method
14. Waste Battery Handling Device
15. Harmless biological pretreatment method for Waste Battery
16. Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Battery
17. recycling of waste Dry Battery
18. Harmless recovery process of waste Dry Battery
19. Disposal of Waste Battery
20. Waste Battery Recycling Processor
21. Recycling head of Waste Battery
22. vacuum distillation unit for Recycling Waste Battery
23. Recovery of lead from Waste Battery
24. Waste Battery pyrolysis, gasification, and burning equipment and treatment methods
25. Comprehensive Utilization of Waste batteries
26. Alkaline Leaching of waste dry batteries
27. Waste Dry Battery Recycling and processing device
28. Comprehensive recycling process of waste cell phone battery
29. Cleaning and recovery of lead in Waste Battery
30. Lead cleaning and recycling technology for waste batteries
31. Waste lead acid battery production of recycled lead, red Dan and lead nitrate
32. Lead recovery technology for waste lead batteries
33. Recovery and conversion method of waste lead battery mud residue 34. Waste lead battery smelting regeneration Furnace
35. Continuous Smelting of waste battery containing lead materials in refresh Furnace
36. Method of Continuous Melting of lead-containing materials in Waste Battery Reactor
37. Management and Utilization of Waste Liquid from cadmium-nickel Battery Waste Residue
38. Comprehensive Recovery and Utilization of Waste Battery Containing Mercury
39. Raw materials and Recycling Technology of chemical power battery
40. Recycling battery, especially Dry Battery
41. methods and equipment for recycling the parts of the sealed battery
42. Waste recycling device for metal-Air Battery
43. Leaching Method for recycling Dry Battery
44. Composition of purified waste battery or mercury-containing sludge and Its Treatment Methods
45. Waste Battery and heavy metal sorting device
46. Recovery Process of N-methyl pyrocinone in waste gas treatment of Lithium Battery
47. Lithium-ion secondary battery cathode side angle material and residual parts recycling method
48. Comprehensive recycling of nickel-cadmium Waste Battery
49. Recycling of Positive and Negative residual materials of MH-Ni BATTERY
50. Recovery sources and production methods of Lead-Acid Batteries
51. Regeneration Technology of lead-acid battery failures
52. Method for Removing Sulfate from Waste Lead Battery Plates
53. Regeneration Method of the anode alloy powder of the ineffective Ni-Mh secondary battery
54. Technical Method of cement clinker calcination treatment waste Dry Battery
55. recycling of waste battery plate and Its Processing Technology
56. Regeneration of battery Desulfurization Agent
57. Recovery of lead from Waste Battery
58. A crushing device for waste Dry Battery
59. Regeneration Method of battery Desulfurization Agent
60. Methods for producing sewage treatment agents using waste batteries as Raw Materials
61. method for producing active lead powder from Waste Battery residue mud
62. separation and recovery of lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries by ion sieve
63 device and method for recovery of nickel and cadmium
64. Recovery of lead in waste battery by Electrolysis in neutral medium
Recovery of manganese sulfate, manganese dioxide, graphite and reusable graphite electrodes from waste zinc-manganese dry battery and their special equipment