Delphi character and string [3]

//String 的指针地址及实际的内存地址
var
str: string;
pstr: PString;
pc: PChar;
begin
{在没有给 str 赋值以前, 既然声明了, 就有了指针地址 (@str):}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(Integer(@str))); {1244652; 这是在栈中的 str 的指针地址}
{但现在还没有分配真正储存字符串内存}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(Integer(str)));　{0; 0 就是 null}
str := 'Delphi';
{一旦赋值后...}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(Integer (@str))); {1244652; 这是在栈中的 str 的指针地址}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(Integer(str)));　 {4580800; 这是在堆中的 str 的实际地址}
{通过指针地址获取字符串, 其中的 pstr 是前面定义 的字符串指针}
pstr := @str;
ShowMessage(pstr^); {Delphi}
{通过实际地址获取字 符串, 其中的 pc 是前面定义的字符指针}
pc := PChar(Integer(str));
ShowMessage(pc); 　　{Delphi}
end;A string (ansistring or string, such as "Form1") is stored in memory in this way:

F

O

R

M

1

The yellow area is where the string is actually stored, and the memory address of the string that precedes it is the location of the "F" in this example;

The blue four bytes store an Integer value representing the length of the string;

The last red byte stores a null character (#0) that represents the end of the string and is compatible with the null-terminated string of Windows;

A green Four byte is also an Integer value that indicates the number of times the string was referenced (that is, a pointer to a few strings pointing to it).

Let's take a look at var
str,s1,s2: string;
pint: PInteger;
begin
str := Self.Text; {把窗体标题给它吧; 现在 str 指向了窗体标题所在的内存位置}
s1 := str;　　 　　{给 s1 赋值}
s2 := str;　　　　{给 s2 赋值; 现在窗体标题已经有了 str、s1、s2 三个引 用}
{str、s1、s2 的指针肯定不一样; 但现在指向内存的同一个位置, 测试:}
ShowMessage (IntToStr(Integer(str))); {15190384}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(Integer(s1)));　{15190384}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(Integer(s2)));　{15190384}
{向左偏移 4 个字节就是字符串长度的位 置, 读出它来(肯定是5):}
pint := PInteger(Integer(str) - 4);
ShowMessage(IntToStr (pint^));　　　{5}
{向左偏移 8 个字节就是字符串的引用计数, 读出它来(肯定是3):}
pint := PInteger(Integer(str) - 8);
ShowMessage(IntToStr(pint^));　　　{3}
end; An example: when the reference count for a segment of string memory is 0 o'clock, Delphi automatically releases it; This is why the string does not need to be manually freed.

I found in the test that the reference count for all constant and non global variables has been "-1".