Detailed details apt, yum, DNF and Pkg

Guide

Most modern Unix-like operating systems provide a central mechanism for searching and installing software. Software is usually stored in a repository and distributed in the form of a package. The work of handling packages is referred to as package management. Packages provide the basic components of the operating system, as well as shared libraries, applications, services, and documents.

introduce

In addition to installing software, the package management system provides tools to update packages that have already been installed. The package repository helps ensure that the code used in your system is reviewed and that the installed version of the software has been approved by developers and package maintainers.

When configuring a server or development environment, it is best to understand what is under the package outside the official repository. The packages in a stable version of a release may be obsolete, especially for new or fast iterations. However, package management is a vital skill for both system administrators and developers, and packaged software is a huge asset for mainstream Linux distributions.

This guide is designed to provide a quick introduction to the basics of finding, installing, and upgrading packages in a variety of Linux distributions, and helps you cross-compare these content across multiple systems. Package Management System: A brief overview

Most package systems are built around a collection of package files. A package file is usually an archive file that contains the compiled binaries and other resources for the software, as well as the installation scripts. Package files also contain valuable metadata, including their dependencies, and a list of other packages needed to install and run them.

Although the functionality and benefits of these package management systems are roughly the same, the packaging format and tools vary by platform:

Operating System	format	Tools
Debian	. deb	Apt, Apt-cache, Apt-get, dpkg
Ubuntu	. deb	Apt, Apt-cache, Apt-get, dpkg
Centos	. rpm	Yum
Fedora	. rpm	Dnf
Freebsd	Ports,. txz	Make, pkg

Debian and its derivative editions, such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Raspbian, have a package format of. Deb. APT's Advanced package management tool provides most common operational commands: Search for repositories, install packages and their dependencies, and manage upgrades. In the local system, we can also use the DPKG program to install a single deb file, APT command as the front end of the underlying dpkg, and sometimes call it directly.

Most recent releases of the Debian derivative include the APT command, which provides a concise, unified interface that can be used for common operations typically handled by Apt-get and Apt-cache commands. This command is optional, but it can be used to simplify some tasks.

CentOS, Fedora and other Red Hat family members use RPM files. In CentOS, the Yum is used to interact with separate package files and repositories.

In the recent Fedora version, Yum has been replaced by DNF, a modern branch of DNF, which retains most of the Yum interfaces.

The FreeBSD binary package system is managed by the PKG command. FreeBSD also provides a Ports collection, a local directory structure and tool that allows users to use Makefile to compile and install packages directly from the source code after they have obtained the source code. Update package List

Most systems have a package database that corresponds to the remote repository locally, and it is best to update the database before installing or upgrading the package. In addition, Yum and DNF automatically check for updates before performing some operations. Of course you can update the system at any time.

system	Command
Debian/ubuntu	sudo apt-get update
	sudo apt update
Centos	Yum Check-update
Fedora	DNF Check-update
FreeBSD Packages	sudo pkg update
FreeBSD Ports	sudo portsnap fetch update

Update Installed Packages

In the absence of a package system, it is a daunting task to make sure that all installed software on the machine remains in the latest state. You will have to track the upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds of different packages. Although Package Manager does not solve all the problems that are encountered when upgrading software, it does enable you to use commands to maintain most system components.

On FreeBSD, upgrading an installed ports may introduce disruptive changes, and some steps need to be manually configured, so it's best to read the/usr/ports/updating content before you update through Portmaster.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	sudo apt-get upgrade	Update only installed Packages
	sudo apt-get dist-upgrade	Packages may be added or deleted to meet new dependencies
	sudo apt upgrade	Similar to the Apt-get upgrade
	sudo apt full-upgrade	Similar to the Apt-get Dist-upgrade
Centos	sudo yum update
Fedora	sudo DNF upgrade
FreeBSD Packages	sudo pkg upgrade
FreeBSD Ports	Less/usr/ports/updating	Use less to view Ports update prompts (use the UP and down cursor keys to scroll, press Q to exit).
	Cd/usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster-a	Install Portmaster and use it to update installed ports

search for a package

Most distributions offer graphical or menu-driven tools for package collections, and we can sort through the software, which is a great way to discover new software. However, the quickest and most efficient way to find a package is to search using command-line tools.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	Apt-cache Search Search_string
	Apt Search search_string
Centos	Yum Search search_string
	Yum Search All Search_string	Search all fields, including descriptions
Fedora	DNF Search Search_string
	DNF Search All Search_string	Search all fields, including descriptions
FreeBSD Packages	PKG Search Search_string	Search by name
	Pkg search-f search_string	Search by name and return to full description
	Pkg search-d search_string	Search Description
FreeBSD Ports	Cd/usr/ports && make Search Name=package	Search by name
	Cd/usr/ports && make Search key=search_string	Search for comments, descriptions, and dependencies

View information for a package

Before installing the package, we can get a lot of useful information by carefully reading the description of the package. In addition to human-readable text, these typically include metadata such as version numbers and a list of dependencies for packages.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	Apt-cache Show Package	Display local cache information about a package
	Apt Show package
	Dpkg-s Package	Displays the current installation status of the package
Centos	Yum Info Package
	Yum Deplist Package	List the dependencies of the package
Fedora	DNF Info Package
	DNF Repoquery--requires Package	List the dependencies of the package
FreeBSD Packages	PKG Info Package	Display information for installed packages
FreeBSD Ports	Cd/usr/ports/category/port && Cat Pkg-descr

installing packages from the repository

After you know the package name, you can usually install it and its dependencies with a single command. You can also install multiple packages at once, just list them all.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	sudo apt-get install package
	sudo apt-get install package1 package2 ...	Install all the listed packages
	sudo apt-get install-y Package	Direct default yes where apt prompts for continuation
	sudo apt install package	Show a Colored progress bar
Centos	sudo yum install package
	sudo yum install package1 package2 ...	Install all the listed packages
	sudo yum install-y package	Direct default yes where Yum prompts to continue
Fedora	sudo DNF install package
	sudo DNF install Package1 package2 ...	Install all the listed packages
	sudo DNF install-y Package	Direct default yes where DNF prompts to continue
FreeBSD Packages	sudo pkg Install package
	sudo pkg install package1 package2 ...	Install all the listed packages
FreeBSD Ports	Cd/usr/ports/category/port && sudo make install	Install a port from the source code build

install a package from the local file system

For a given operating system, sometimes some software officials do not provide the appropriate packages, then the developer or vendor will need to provide a download of the package files. You can usually retrieve these packages through a Web browser, or use the command line curl to retrieve the information. After downloading the package to the target system, we can usually install it through a single command.

On Debian-derived systems, dpkg is used to process individual package files. If a package has unsatisfied dependencies, then we can retrieve them from the official repository using Gdebi.

On CentOS and Fedora systems, yum and DNF are used to install individual files and to handle the dependencies that are needed.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	sudo dpkg-i package.deb
	sudo apt-get install-y gdebi && sudo gdebi package.deb	Install Gdebi and then use Gdebi to install Package.deb and handle missing dependencies
Centos	sudo yum install package.rpm
Fedora	sudo DNF install package.rpm
FreeBSD Packages	sudo pkg add package.txz
	sudo pkg add-f package.txz	Even installed packages are reinstalled

to delete one or more installed packages

Because the package manager knows which files are provided by a given package, if a software is no longer needed, it can often cleanly purge the files from the system.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	sudo apt-get Remove Package
	sudo apt Remove package
	sudo apt-get autoremove	Delete unwanted Packages
Centos	sudo yum Remove package
Fedora	sudo DNF Erase Package
FreeBSD Packages	sudo pkg Delete package
	sudo pkg autoremove	Delete unwanted Packages
FreeBSD Ports	sudo pkg Delete package
	Cd/usr/ports/path_to_port && make Deinstall	Uninstall port

apt Command

Administrators of the Debian family release are usually familiar with Apt-get and Apt-cache. Less known is the simplified apt interface, which is designed for interactive use.

Traditional Command	the equivalent apt command
Apt-get Update	APT Update
Apt-get Dist-upgrade	Apt Full-upgrade
Apt-cache Search string	Apt Search string
Apt-get Install Package	Apt Install package
Apt-get Remove Package	Apt Remove Package
Apt-get Purge Package	Apt Purge package

Although apt is usually a shortcut to a particular action, it does not completely replace the traditional tool, and its interface may change with the version to improve usability. If you use package management commands in scripts or shell pipes, it is best to stick with Apt-get and Apt-cache. Get help

In addition to web-based documents, keep in mind that we can get most of the commands from the Unix man page (usually called the man page) from the shell. For example, to read a page, you can use man:

In man, you can navigate with the arrow keys. Press/Search the text inside the page and use Q to exit.

system	Command	Description
Debian/ubuntu	Mans Apt-get	Update the local package database and work with the package
	Mans Apt-cache	Search in the local package database
	Mans dpkg	Works with a separate package file and can query for installed packages
	Mans APT	Basic operations with a more concise, user-friendly interface
Centos	Mans Yum
Fedora	Mans DNF
FreeBSD Packages	Mans PKG	Work with a precompiled binary package
FreeBSD Ports	Mans ports	Work with the Ports collection

Via:https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/package-management-basics-apt-yum-dnf-pkg

Author: Brennen bearnes Translator: Snapcrafter proofreading: Wxy

This article by LCTT original compilation, Linux China honor launch

Reproduced in this article from: http://www.linuxprobe.com/aptyum-dnfpkg-diff.html free to provide the latest Linux technology tutorials Books, for the open source technology enthusiasts to do more and better: http://www.linuxprobe.com/