Diabetes _ Treatment

Biguanide [ba? ' Gwɑ?na?d] Metformin

Metformin[m?t ' f?rm?n] Metformin

An antidiabetic drug (trade name Glucophage) prescribed to treat type II diabetes.

Sulphonylureas [S?lf?nil ' Ju?ri?] Sulfonated urea

Glibenclamide Glibenclamide Urea

Gliclazide Gliclazide

Glipizide glipizide

Glimepiride glimepiride Urea

Tolbutamide methyl sugar ning

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor glucoside inhibitor

Acarbose [' Ækɑr,bos] acarbose sugar

Diabetes Treatments

Diabetes Treatment:

1. Lifestyle changes

2. Drug therapy

Can not cure, lifelong medicine. Time to use-before meals, it is important after meals.

After a variety of efforts, diabetes remains confused because it is a progressive disease. We need more ways to control blood sugar.

3. Detection: blood pressure, blood lipids,

4. Exercise

As well as making lifestyle changes, people with diabetes often need additional treatments such as medication to control t Heir diabetes, blood pressure and blood fats. This section helps to explain more about some of the more common treatments for people with diabetes.

Remember that, the information in this section are general information and it's important that's discuss any concerns or Problems you are with your medications and treatments with your healthcare team.

Medication is not a substitute for following a healthy diet and taking regular physical activity–you would still need to Carry on with this.

• Diabetes medication
• Insulin
• Islet cell transplants

Medication

Diabetes medication lowers blood glucose levels, and there is a number of different types which work in different ways. People with type 2 diabetes may need medication including insulin. Diabetes medication cannot cure diabetes, and most people'll has to take it for the rest of the their lives.

The type of medication you require would depend on your own individual needs and situation, so you should discuss with your Healthcare team about the types of medication available and the most suitable options for you. Whichever medication you is prescribed, it would work and help control your diabetes if you take it properly and Regu Larly. Make sure this your doctor or pharmacist explains how much medication to take and when to take it-in relation to your fo Od–before, during or after food.

Despite keeping to a healthy diet, physical activity and taking your diabetes medication regularly R Diabetes Control is no as good as it was. This was because Type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition progressive and, over time, your may need more help to manage you R blood glucose levels.

Types of diabetes medication

There is several different ' families ' (or types) of diabetes medication:

• Biguanide
• Sulphonylureas
• Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
• prandial glucose Regulators
• Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
• Incretin mimetics
• DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins).
• SGLT2 inhibitors

Note:these groups may contain more than one medication. Your doctor may recommend increasing the dose of Your medication or taking more than one kind of medication.

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone made by an organ in the body called the pancreas. The pancreas lies just behind the stomach. The function of insulin is to help our bodies use glucose for energy. Everyone with type 1, and some people with type 2 diabetes, needs to take insulin to control their blood glucose levels.

The three groups of insulin

There is three groups of insulin–animal, human (not from humans but produced synthetically to match human insulin) and Analogues (where the chemical structure of human insulin have been changed to make the insulin work quicker or last longer) . Nowadays, most people with human insulin and insulin analogues, although a small number of people still use animal insulin Because they has some evidence that they otherwise lose their awareness of hypos, or they find animal insulin works Bette R for them.

The main types of insulin

There is seven main types of insulin:

• Rapid-acting analogues should ideally is injected just before food and has a peak action at between 0 and three hours. They tend to last between, and five hours and only last long enough for the meal at which they is taken. They is clear in appearance.
• Long-acting analogues tend to being injected once or twice a day to provide background insulin lasting approximately . They don ' t need to being taken with food because they don ' t has a peak action. They is clear in appearance.
• Very long-acting analogues is mainly used by people who is unable to inject themselves as they can provide background in Sulin to hours. Although they can be injected once every-hours (three days), they is usually injected once a day. They don ' t need to being taken with food because they has a peak action. They is clear in appearance.
• Short-acting insulins should be injected 15–30 minutes before a meal to cover the rise in blood glucose levels that occurs After eating. They has a peak action of two–six hours and can last for up to eight hours. They is clear in appearance.
• Medium-and long-acting insulins is taken once or twice a day-to-provide background insulin or in combination with short- Acting insulins/rapid-acting analogues. Their peak activity is between four and hours and can last up to hours. They is cloudy in appearance.
• Mixed insulin–a combination of Medium-and short-acting insulin.
• Mixed analogue–a combination of medium-acting insulin and rapid-acting analogue.

Injecting insulin

The needles used to inject insulin is very small as the insulin only needs-be injected under the skin (subcutaneously) –not into a muscle or vein. Once it ' s been injected, it soaks into small blood vessels and was taken into the bloodstream. As your confidence grows and you become more relaxed injections would get easier and soon become second nature.

There is three main areas where you can inject insulin–stomach, buttocks and thighs. Sometimes your healthcare team may recommend other sites such as your arms. As all these areas cover a wide skin area you should inject at different sites within each of the them.

It is important to rotate injection sites, as injecting into the same site can cause a build-up of lumps under the skin (a LSO known as lipohypertrophy), which may leads to erratic absorption of the insulin which would affect control of blood Gluc OSE levels.

biguanideMetformin principle:1. Let the liver stop producing new glucose. 2. Make the insulin work normally and more efficiently. 3. Improve cardiovascular disease, such as heart diseaseobese patients can be used, this medicine will not increase weight.

The only biguanide used is metformin. It is available in different forms-tablets for immediate release (up to three times per day) or prolonged release (usual Ly once per day), and oral solution and powder for oral solution for immediate release.

Metformin works in the ways:

• It helps to stop the liver producing new glucose
• It helps to overcome insulin resistance by making insulin carry glucose into muscle cells more effectively.

This is often the initial diabetes medication prescribed if a healthy diet and physical activity alone have not suffici Ently controlled blood glucose levels. It is often used for people who be overweight because it generally does not encourage weight gain and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications like heart attacks.

Medications in the Biguanide family

Generic or proper name	Brand or trade name
Metformin IR (Immediate release)	Glucophage
Metformin PR (Prolonged release)	Glucophage SR

Metformin can also is combined with other medication in a single tablet:

Generic or proper name	Brand or trade name
Metformin + pioglitazone	Competact
Metformin + vildagliptin	Eucreas
Metformin + sitagliptin	Janumet

Side effects

All medication have side effects and should check the patient information leaflet (PIL) supplied with your medication t o See which side effects your might experience from your particular medication. Remember that is unlikely to experience all side effects that is listed, and you could not be experience any at all. If you don't, speak to your doctor as there is another diabetes medication you could try instead.

Sulphonylureas

There is a number of different tablets in this family. They work mainly by stimulating the cells in the pancreas to make more insulin. They also help insulin to work more effectively in the body.

They is most suitable for people who is overweight, as they may encourage weight gain. The medicine is taken once or twice daily with or shortly before a meal.

Medications in the Sulphonyluria family

Generic or proper name	Brand or trade name
Glibenclamide	Daonil
Gliclazide	Diamicron Diamicron MR (modified release)
Glipizide	Glibenese, Minodiab
Glimepiride	Amaryl
Tolbutamide	Tolbutamide

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor glucoside inhibitor

acarbose sugar is a new type of oral hypoglycemic drug. In the gut, the competitive inhibition of the glucoside hydrolase. Reduce polysaccharide and sucrose decomposition into glucose, so that the absorption of sugar slowed down, so it can be used to reduce blood sugar after the effect. Generally alone, or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic drugs, or insulin. With catering, to treat insulin-dependent or non-dependent diabetes. acarbose sugar can be combined with the use of yellow urea drugs. Use before meals. Acarbose sugar allows the large intestine to absorb food slowly and increase the blood sugar level.

There is the only one tablet of the this type used, called Acarbose. It's usually used when a healthy diet and physical activity alone have been unsuccessful, although it's sometimes used to Gether with a sulphonylurea.

Acarbose works by slowing down the absorption of starchy foods from the intestine. This means, blood glucose levels rise more slowly after meals. Acarbose should always being chewed with the first mouthful of food or swallowed whole with a little liquid immediately befor E The meal.

Diabetes _ Treatment