Differences and discrimination between PNP and PNP

From: http://hehongqing168.blog.163.com/blog/static/19687667200962754425274/

1. If you enter a high level, and the output requires a low-power period, select the first line of the line.

2. If you enter a low-level device and the output requires a low-level device, select PNP first.

3. If you enter a low level, and the output requires a high-power period, select the first line of the line.

4. If you enter a high level and the output requires a high level, select PNP first.

High voltage, polar electrode and emission pole short circuit. Low Voltage, polar electrode and emission pole open circuit. That is, do not work.

The PNP base is very high voltage. The polar electrode and the open circuit of the emission pole do not work. If the base Pole has a low potential, the collector and the emission pole are short-circuited.

Transistor: the most commonly used are transistor and diode. The transistor is represented by the symbol BG (old) or (T), and the diode is represented by D. The transistor can be divided into two types: GE tube and silicon tube.

By polarity, the transistor has two types: PNP and PNP, while the diode has P and N. Xxx indicates that most of them are made in China. Each of them has a specific meaning: for example, 3 a x 31. The first 3 represents a transistor, and 2 represents a diode. The second digit represents the material and polarity. A Represents the PNP type Ge material; B Represents the GBE type Ge material; C is the PNP type silicon material; D is the silicon material. The third digit indicates the purpose. X indicates the low-frequency and small-power tubes; D indicates the low-frequency and large-power tubes; G indicates the high-frequency and small-power tubes; A indicates the high-frequency and large-power tubes. The final number is the product serial number, which varies slightly with various indicators. Note that the diode has the same meaning as the second bit of the transistor, while the third bit has different meanings. For diodes, the third p represents the tube, W represents the tube, and Z represents the tube. In the example above, it is a low-frequency power tube of the PNP type Ge material. For the imported transistor, it is different. You need to pay attention to the accumulation of information during actual use.

The commonly used imported tubes include the 90xx and 80xx series from South Korea and the 2sx series from Europe. In the series, the third character has the same meaning as the third character of the domestically produced tubes.

The main reason for the difference between the current direction and the voltage is that the voltage is positive and negative. A "professional" is a "Polarity" problem.

The operating system uses the current (IB) of B → e to control the current (IC) of C → e, the lowest potential of E, and the highest potential of C during normal amplification, that is, VC> VB> ve

PNP uses the current (IB) of e → B to control the current (IC) of e → C, the highest potential of E, and the lowest potential of C during normal amplification, that is, VC <VB <ve

In short, VB is generally in the middle, VC and ve are on both sides, which is consistent with the location in the common BJT symbol. You can use this to help your image thinking and memory. In addition, although the BJT pole is not a pure resistance, the voltage direction and the current direction are the same, there will be no high potential of the current from the low potential.

1> identify the two

Set the three feet of the transistor to A, B, and C respectively, and place the pointer Multimeter in the 10 k ohm gear of the resistance gear. (1) Use a red table pen to connect a's foot, use a black table pen to contact B and C respectively. If the impedance between AB and C is small and the impedance between the AC and C feet is large, use a black table pen to connect, the red table pen is connected to the C-pin, and the impedance between the feet is still very high, indicating that the transistor is an type transistor. The red table pen is connected to the-pin, and the black table pen is used to contact the B-pin and C-pin respectively, if the impedance between the foot and the foot is small, and the impedance between the foot of the AB and AC is large after the black table pen is connected to the foot, it indicates that this transistor is a PNP type transistor.
Use a red table pen to pick up a's feet, use a black table pen to contact B's feet and C's feet respectively, if the impedance between the AB and AC feet is large, and use a black table pen to pick up a's feet, the impedance between the AB and AC feet is small, which indicates that the transistor is a type special transistor. If you use a black table pen to connect to the foot, the impedance between the AB feet is small, the impedance between the foot of the AC is large, indicating that the transistor is a PNP type transistor.

2> identify the pins of the two elements

In (1) above, assume that the B foot is the base pole (B), use a red table pen to pick up the C foot, and use a black table pen to pick up the foot, pin A and B with the thumb and forefoot (do not short-circuit), record the resistance of the multimeter, then use a red table pen to connect a, and use a black table pen to connect C, and use the thumb and forefinger to compress the C and B feet. In the two measurements, the black table pen with a low resistance is connected to the Collector (c ), the remaining one is the emission pole (e ). (2) In the assumption that the foot is the base pole (B), the difference between the collector (C) and the emission pole (e) is the same (1 ), but in two measurements, the red table pen with a low resistance is connected to the element foot as the Collector (c)
, The remaining one is the emission pole (e ).

3> the main reason for the differences between the active current direction and the voltage is that the active voltage is positive and negative. A "professional" is a "Polarity" problem.
The operating system uses the current (IB) of B → e to control the current (IC) of C → e, the lowest potential of E, and the highest potential of C during normal amplification, that is, VC> VB> ve
PNP uses the current (IB) of e → B to control the current (IC) of e → C, the highest potential of E, and the lowest potential of C during normal amplification, that is, VC <VB <ve
In short, VB is generally in the middle, VC and ve are on both sides, which is consistent with the location in the common BJT symbol. You can use this to help your image thinking and memory. In addition, although the BJT pole is not a pure resistance, the voltage direction and the current direction are the same, there will be no current flow from the low potential to the high potential.
Nowadays, the popular circuit diagram is often used to "male and female". Oh no, "Yang and Yin", that is, "positive power supply and negative power supply ". In that case, e is connected to the floor (directly or indirectly), and C is connected to the ceiling (directly or indirectly ). On the contrary, the PNP circuit eventually connects C to the floor (either directly or indirectly) and E to the ceiling (either directly or indirectly ). This is also to meet the above VC and VE relationship. In a general circuit, with an on-line switch, you can obtain the PNP version based on the "symmetric switching between upper and lower" method. Whenever the above six "Polarity" relationships (four current directions and two voltage inequalities) are met, the BJT circuit may work normally. Of course, to ensure normal operation, we must also ensure that these voltage and current meet some further quantitative conditions, that is, the so-called "working point" conditions.
For an emerging circuit:
For the common shot configuration, You can roughly understand VE as a "fixed" reference point, control VB to control VBE (VBE = VB-VE), so as to control IB, and further control the IC (from a more promising place into the C pole, you can also think of the C pole as a forward water funnel ).
For a co-base configuration, it can be understood to regard VB as a fixed reference point, control ve to control VBE (VBE = VB-VE), thus control IB, and further control IC.
If the output signal is not in the current format, but in the voltage format, a resistance RC is added to the C pole to convert the IC into a voltage IC * RC. But in order to meet VC> ve, the other end of RC is not grounded, but is connected to the positive power supply.
In addition, from the BJT perspective, without considering where the input signal comes from, the co-shooting configuration and the co-base configuration are actually very similar. Anyway, they both control VBE, but a "fixed" ve, change VB, a fixed VB, and change ve.
There is no "fixed reference point" for the common shot configuration. It can be understood that the VBE feature has little variation with IC or IE, make no matter how the output current IE changes (of course there is also a limit), ve basically always follow VB changes (VE = VB-VBE), VB increases, ve also increases, VB decreases, ve is also reduced, which is the origin of the voltage follower name.
The PNP circuit is symmetric With the PNP circuit, for example:
For the common shot configuration, We can roughly understand VE as a "fixed" reference point, and control VEB (VEB = VE-VB) Through VB to control IB, and further control the IC (from the point where the potential of the C pole is lower, you can also regard the C pole as a down pipe ).
For a co-base configuration, it can be understood to regard VB as a fixed reference point, control ve to control VEB (VEB = VE-VB), thus control IB, and further control IC.
......
All the above words of VE are enclosed in quotation marks. Because the e-point is sometimes the introduced point of negative feedback in series, ve also changes, but this change is the feedback signal, that is, the result of VB changes.

Appendix: full range of transistor application parameters

Encapsulation polarity energy-resistance voltage-resistance electric current power rate and frequency distribution Tube
D633 28, 100 V 7A, dalington
9013 21, 0.625, 9012
9014 21, 0.4, 9015
9015 21 PNP Low Noise amplification 50 V 0.1a 0.4 W 150 MHz 9014
9018 21, 0.4, 1000, MHz
8050 21, 100, 8550
8550 21 PNP high-frequency amplification 40 V 1.5a 1 W 100 MHz 8050
2n2222 21 GBE universal 60 V 0.8a 0.5 W 25/200 NS
2n2369 4A PNP switch 40 V 0.5a 0.3 W 800 MHz
2n2907 4A general purpose 60 V 0.6a 0.4 W 26/70 NS
2n3055 12 stray power amplifier 100 V 15a 115 W mj2955
2n3440 6 stray switch 450 V 1A 1 W 15 MHz 2n6609
2n3773 12 stray Audio Amplifier switch 160 V 16A 50 W
2n3904 21E GBE universal 60 V 0.2a
2n2906 21C PNP universal 40 V 0.2a
2n2222a 21 iron 0.625 high frequency amplification 75 V 0.6a 300 W MHz
2n6718 21 iron 100 Audio Amplifier switch v 2a 2 W
2n5401 21 PNP video amplification 160 V 0.6a 0.625 W 100 MHz 2n5551
2n5551 21 160 V 0.6a 0.625 W 100 MHz 2n5401
2n5685 12 stray Audio Amplifier switch 60 V 50a 300 W
2n6277 12 stray power amplifier switch 180 v 50a 250 W
9012 21 PNP low frequency amplification 50 V 0.5a 0.625 W 9013
2n6678 12 stray Audio Amplifier switch 650 v 15a 175 W 15 MHz
9012 smd pnp low frequency amplification 50 V 0.5a 0.625 W 9013
3da87a 6 100 V 0.1a
3dg6b 6 GBE universal 20 V 0.02a 0.1 W 150 MHz
3dg6c 6 GBE universal 25 V 0.02a 0.1 W 250 MHz
3dg6d 6 GBE universal 30 V 0.02a 0.1 W 150 MHz
Mpsa42 21E 300 V 0.5a 0.625 W mpsa92
Mpsa92 21E PNP video amplification 300 V 0.5a 0.625 W mpsa42
Mps2222a 21 GBE high-frequency amplification 75 V 0.6a 0.625 W 300 MHz
9013 SMD, 0.625, 9012
3dk2b 7, 0.2 W switch, 30 V, 0.03a, W
3dd15d 12 power switch 300 V 5A 50 W
3dd102c 12 power switch 300 V 5A 50 W
3522 V 5 V Pressure Control Tube
A634 28E PNP Audio Amplifier switch 40 V 2a 10 W
A708 6 PNP audio switch 80 V 0.7a 0.8 w
A715c 29 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 35 V 2.5a 10 W 160 MHz
A733 21 PNP universal 50 V 0.1a 180 MHz
A741 4 PNP switch 20 V 0.1a 70/120 NS
A781 39B PNP switch 20 V 0.2a 80/160 NS
A928 ecb pnp gm 20 V 1A 0.25 W
A933 21 PNP universal 50 V 0.1a 140 MHz
A940 28 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 150 V 1.5a 25 W 4 MHz c2073
A966 21 PNP audio excitation output 30 V 1.5a 0.9 W 100 MHz c2236
A950 21 PNP universal 30 V 0.8a 0.6 W
A968 28 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 160 V 1.5a 25 W 100 MHz c2238
A1009 bce pnp power amplifier switch 350 v 2a 15 W
A1220p 29 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 120 V 1.5a 20 W 150 MHz
A1013 21 PNP video amplification 160 V 1A 0.9 W c2383
A1015 21 PNP universal 60 V 0.1a 0.4 W 8 MHz c1815
2n6050 12 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 60 V 12a 150 W
2n6051 12 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 80 V 12a 150 W
A1175 PNP universal 60 V 0.10a 0.25 W 180 MHz
A1213 patch pnp uhf 50 V 0.15a 80 MHz
A719 ecb pnp universal 30 V 0.50a 0.625 W 200 MHz
B12 G-PNP audio 30 V 0.05a 0.05 W
B1114 ecb pnp universal SMD 20 V 2a 180 MHz
B205 Ge tube PNP Audio Amplifier switch 80 V 20a 80 W
B1215 bce pnp power amplifier switch patch 120 V 3A 20 W 130 MHz
C294 6 200 MHz
C1044 6 GBE video playback 45 V 0.3a 2.2 GHz
C1216 6 GBE High-Speed Switch 40 V 0.2a T, 20ns
C1344 ecb gbe universal Low Noise 30 V 0.10 230 MHz
C1733 6 (GHz) self-generated v GHz Tube
C1317 21ecb GBE universal 30 V 0.5a 0.625 W 200 MHz
C546 21ecb PNP high release 30 V 0.03a 0.15 W 600 MHz
C680 11, 200, V 2a, 30 W, 20 MHz
C665 12 stray Audio Amplifier switch 125 V 5A 50 W 15 MHz
C4581 BCE switch 600 V 10a 65 W 20 MHz?
C4584 BCE 1200 V 6a 65 W 20 MHz power switch
C4897 BCE 1500 V 20a 150 W
C4928 BCE special line manager 1500 V 15a 150 W
C5411 BCE 1500 "V 14a 60 W
Hq1f3p SMD, power amplifier switch, 20 V 2a, 2 W
Tip132 28, 100, V 8A, 70 W, tipaudio
A1020 21 PNP audio Switch 50 V 2a 0.9 W
A1123 21 PNP Low Noise amplification 150 V 0.05a 0.75 W
A1162 21g pnp universal SMD 50 V 0.15a 0.15 W
A1216 bce pnp power amplifier switch 180 v 17A 200 W 20 MHz c2922
A1265 bce pnp power amplifier switch 140 V 10a 100 W 30 MHz c3182
A1295 bce pnp power amplifier switch 230 V 17A 200 W 30 MHz c3264
A1301 bce pnp power amplifier switch 160 V 12a 120 W 30 MHz c3280
C3280 BCE, 160 V 12a 120 W 30 MHz a1301
A1302 bce pnp power amplifier switch 200 V 15a 120 W 30 MHz c3281
C3281 BCE on/off 200 V 15a 120 W 30 MHz a1302
A1358 bce pnp 120 V 1A 10 W 120 MHz
A1444 bce pnp High Speed Power Switch 100 V 15a 30 W 80 MHz
A1494 bce pnp power amplifier switch 200 V 17A 200 W 20 MHz c3858
A1516 bce pnp power amplifier switch 180 v 12a 130 W 25 MHz
A1668 bce pnp power switches 200 V 2a 25 W 20 MHz
A1785 BCE PnP driver 120 V 1A 1 W 140 MHz
A1941 bce pnp Audio Amplifier shape 140 V 10a 100 W c5198
C5198 BCE 140 Audio Amplifier shape 100 V 10a W a1941
A1943 bce pnp power amplifier switch 230 V 15AA 150 W c5200
C5200 BCE, 230 V 15a 150 W a1943
A1988 bce pnp power amplifier Switch
B449 Ge tube 12 PNP power amplifier Switch 50 V 3.5a 22.5 W
B647 21 PNP universal 120 V 1A 0.9 W 140 MHz d667
D667 21 GBE universal 120 V 1A 0.9 W 140 MHz b649
B1375 bce pnp Audio Amplifier 60 V 3A 2 W 9 MHz
D40c BCE PNP
Walkie Talkie
40 V 0.5a 40 W 75mh
B688 bce pnp Audio Amplifier switch 120 V 8A 80 W d718
B734 39B PNP universal 60 V 1A 1 W d774
B649 29 PNP view 180 v 1.5a 20 W d669
D669 29 180 v 1.5a 20 W 140 MHz b649
B669 28 PNP darington power amplifier 70 V 4A 40 W
B675 28 PNP darington power amplifier 60 V 7A 40 W
B673 28 PNP darington power amplifier 100 V 7A 40 W
B631k 29 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 120 V 1A 8 W 130 MHz d600k
D600k 29, 120 V 1A 8 W 130 MHz b631k
C3783 BCE special-Voltage High-Speed Switch 900 V 5A 100 W
B1400 28B PNP dington power amplifier 120 V 6a 25 W d1590
B744 29 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 70 V 3A 10 W
B1020 28 PNP power amplifier switching 100 V 7A 40 W
B1240 39B PNP power amplifier switch 40 V 2a 1 W 100 MHz
B1185 28B PNP power amplifier switch 60 V 3A 25 W 70 MHz d1762
B1079 30 PNP dington power amplifier 100 V 20a 100 W d1559
B772 29 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 40 V 3A 10 W d882
B774 21 PNP universal 30 V 0.1a 0.25 W
B817 30 PNP Audio Amplifier shape 160 V 12a 100 W d1047
B834 28 PNP power amplifier switch 60 V 3A 30 W
B1316 54b PNP darington power amplifier 100 V 2a 10 W
B1317 bce pnp Audio Amplifier 180 v 15a 150 W d1975
B1494 bce pnp darington power amplifier 120 V 20a 120 W d2256
B1429 bce pnp power amplifier switch 180 v 15a 150 W
C380 21 GBE high-frequency amplification 35 V 0.03a 250 MHz
C458 21, 230
C536 21 GBE universal 40 V 0.1a 180 MHz
2n6609 12 PNP Audio Amplifier switch 160 V 15a 150 W> 2 MHz 2n3773
C3795 BCE special-Voltage High-Speed Switch 900 V 5A 40 W
C2458 21ecb Special Purpose Low Noise 50 V 0.15a 0.2 W
C3030 BCE 900 V 7A 80 W. dalington
C3807 BCE, 1.2 MHz, 260
C3858 BCE on/off 200 V 17A 200 W 20 MHz a1494
D985 29 dington power amplifier 150 V ± 1. 5A 10 W
C2036 29, high-noise, low-noise, 80 V 1A, 1-4 W
C2068 28E 300 V 0.05a 1.5 W 80 MHz video Amplification
C2073 28, 150, V 1.5a, 25 w, 4 MHz, a940
C3039 28 Special Power Switch 500 V 7A 50 W
C3058 12 stray switch 600 V 30a 200 W
C3148 28 special power switch 900 V 3A 40 W
C3150 28, 900 V 3A 50 W
C3153 30, 900, 100
C3182 30, 140 V 10a 100 W a1265
C3198 21 high-frequency 0.4 MHz, 130 W, MHz, GHz, MHz
3dk4b 7 PNP switch 40 V 0.8a 0.8 w
3dk7c 7 on/off 25 V 0.05a 0.3 W
3d15d 12, 300 V 5A power switch, 50 W
C2078 28, 150, MHz
C2120 21 GBE universal 30 V 0.8a 0.6 W
C2228 21, 160 V 0.05a, 0.75 W
C2230 21, 200 V 0.1a, 0.8 w
C2233 28, 200 V 4A 40 W
C2236 21, 0.9
C1733 small iron twin tube 30 V 2 GHz
C1317 21ebc PNP universal 30 V 0.5a 0.625 W 200 MHz
C2238 28, 160 V 1.5a, 25 W, 100 MHz, a968
C752 21 GBE universal 30 V 0.1a 300 MHz
C815 21 28 general purpose 60 V 0.2a 0.25 W
C828 21 GBE universal 45 V 0.05a 0.25 W
C900 21, 100, MHz
C945 21, 0.5, 250
C1008 21 GBE universal 80 V 0.7a 0.8 w 50 MHz
C1162 21, stray Audio Power Amplifier 35 V 1.5a 10 W
C1213 39B special 30 V 0.5a 0.4 W
C1222 21, 100, MHz
C1494 40a PNP transmitter 36 V 6a PQ = 40 W 175 MHz
C1507 28, 300 V 0.2a
C1674 21 gbe hf/ZF 30 V 0.02a 600 MHz
C1815 21, 0.4
C1855 21f gbe hf/ZF 20 V 0.02a 550 MHz
C1875 12, 1500 V 3.5a, W
C1906 21 high-frequency 1000 MHz, MHz
C1942 12 special color line 1500 V 3A 50 W
C1959 21 GBE universal 30 V 0.4a 0.5 W 300 MHz
C1970 28, 1.3, 175 MHz
C1971 28A PNP mobile phone launch 35 V 2a PQ-7.0W 175 MHz
C1972 28A GBE Mobile Phone launch 35 V 3.5a PQ = 15 W 175 MHz
C2320 21 GBE universal 50 V 0.2a 0.3 W 200 MHz
C2012 21 GBE high-release 30 V 0.03a 200 MHz
C2027 12 stray line pipe 1500 V 5A 50 W
D814 BCE 150 MHz low noise amplifier SMD 150 V 0.05a MHz
C5142 BCE 1500 V 20a 200 W
D998 BCE 120 V 10a 80 W