ea-Enterprise Architecture

In the annual summary and plan: Last year 4 1, 5 1 This year, I said I am going to introduce an architectural party TOGAF to the project team this year. Yang Xueshan, vice Minister of industry and Information technology, said in an internal discussion: Compared with the Western developed countries, the domestic information construction in the hardware has been comparable, in the software has 5 years of disparity in information management has about 10 years of the gap in the enterprise structure has 20 years of gap. And the enterprise architecture is inseparable from our IT technology domain architect's support, in order to let more people understand enterprise architecture, I will write a series of related blog to share with you. This series is suitable for business architects, technical architects, or people interested in doing business architecture-related aspects. As the first blog in this series, this article introduces the Enterprise architecture and introduces the TOGAF. what is a collection of organizations that have a common goal , perhaps a government department, a complete company, a company department, a single branch, or a geographically alienated organizational chain that is connected by joint ownership may be an " extended Enterprise", Including partners, suppliers, and customers what is a schema

Architecture is a common solution to a system-wide problem of a particular target system, and architecture is often a common system abstraction for complex patterns.

The Business architecture system is a general solution for the systematic and universal problems in the enterprise information Management system, and more specifically, it is a business-oriented and driven architecture to understand, analyze, design, build, integrate, extend, operate and manage the information system. For example, the business architecture system believes that an information system must consist of organizational structure, business process, business information, business function, and business semantics.

The key to complex system integration is the integration of the architecture (or system), rather than the integration of parts (or components).

The schema is defined in ISO/IEC 42,010:20,072 as follows:

The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in it components, their relationships to all other and the Environmen T, and the principles governing its design and evolution.

An architecture is the basic structure of a system that consists of multiple components and their relationships with each other and is designed and evolved under certain circumstances and principles. In particular, I have written a Bolg "architecture-another word similar to the platform". Train Engineer

Train engineers in the design, he will not care about what is in each car, they only need to care about these cars are connected together, and the specific things in each compartment to the corresponding responsible person can. Connecting a carriage together creates an implicit (or abstract) process, like a flexible process that has the ability to do nothing about the whole train when a car is replaced with another compartment. "

The realization of the connection between carriages is like a flexible business interface, and its implementation is flexible service.

What is Enterprise architecture

The enterprise architecture can be divided into two parts: the Business architecture and IT architecture , and most of the enterprise architecture approaches are developed from the IT architecture. Business structure: is to transform the business strategy into the daily operation of the channel, business strategy determines the business structure, it includes the business model, process system, organizational structure, geographical distribution and other content it architecture: It framework to guide IT investment and design decisions, is a comprehensive blueprint for the establishment of enterprise information systems, including three parts: Data architecture, application architecture and technical architecture.

In contrast to RUP and other disciplines focused on implementation, the focus of enterprise architecture in principle is the identification, specification, and prioritization of business requirements across the enterprise, and it is also a way to do business informatization planning. I think, do tool-based products and enterprise-grade products There is a difference, that is to do enterprise-grade products need to be a tool-based product-type company to the consulting service-oriented company transformation.

The organizational logic of the business process (including all information and technical services, processes) and IT infrastructure reflects the need for integration and standardization of the company's operational model (MIT Center for information Systems, a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and Operation of an organization. The intent of an enterprise architecture is to determine how the organization can most effectively achieve its current and future goals (searchcio.com)

Enterprise architecture, like strategic planning, can help enterprises to implement business strategy planning and it strategic planning. In terms of business strategy, TOGAF and its Architecture development methodology (ARCHITECTUREDEVELOPMENTMETHOD/ADM) can be used to define corporate vision/mission, goals/objectives/drivers, organizational structure, functions and roles. In terms of IT strategy, TOGAF and ADM describe in detail how business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and technical architecture are defined as best practice guidelines for IT strategic planning. Enterprise architecture is to undertake enterprise business strategy and IT strategy between the bridge and standard interface, is the core of enterprise information planning.
From the 90 's corporate architecture framework, there has been a variety of enterprise architecture frameworks, such as DODAF (U.S. Department of Defense Architecture Framework, the Department of Defense Architecture framework), TOGAF, and so on.

Why Enterprise Architecture required

Some people may ask, "Why do you have to do the architecture, just take the demand and do it?" ”。 A simple kennel doesn't have to be designed, but a building has to go through the design phase, and I think there's nothing wrong with what you do when it's not complicated, but once the business is complicated, the rules are troublesome, and the changes are involved, there must be a clear framework to make sure that things are right.

Most Chinese enterprises in the IT investment will skip the enterprise architecture this link and directly into the construction of IT projects, which will lead to duplication of investment, information island and other inevitable phenomenon. Lack of planning will find a lot of development of the function of duplication, but also some of the development of the function is limbo, here is a simple example: HR system, such as the HR service desk of a function, I filled out a problem, but no reply, estimated that this function is limbo, so satisfaction can be imagined.

I think EA is a business and it alignment of the strategic Execution tool, a design, management, communication tools. through the enterprise structure, we can achieve: different people in the enterprise to the Enterprise status (as-is) and corporate Vision (to-be) have a holistic understanding of the business, information, technical staff shared vision is the basis of understanding and communication without a clear architecture, there is no guarantee of proper decision-making and good implementation, EA is to understand and realize the guarantee of enterprise IT construction

TOGAF has a high degree of recognition abroad, there are many ways of enterprise structure, but TOGAF is the most mainstream, and has more than 15 years of history. Not only is 80% of Forbes (Forbes) Global Top 50 companies in use, but also supports an open, standard SOA Reference Architecture. Now has been promoted by the mainstream international manufacturers, Germany has the promotion of SAP, the United States, IBM, HP, Sun and other companies are promoting, China's enterprise architecture is not very mature, before the discussion mostly focused on software architecture or a separate system architecture, in 02 years before an enterprise architecture emerged. Kingdee after the Togaf 8.1 mature, introduced 9.0, because it contains support for SOA, so this is also kingdee choose to import it in this period one of the reasons. Kingdee joins the Open Group, hoping to improve the level of China's Enterprise information systems and business structure , and to lead the domestic software industry to participate in the development of international standards. For Kingdee, the introduction of TOGAF and open Group SOA Reference Architecture and governance principles, will promote the Kingdee group products, development process and governance of internationalization and standardization. Future Kingdee ERP Products EAS, BOS and Kingdee middleware products will follow TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Framework, Architecture development methodology and SOA Reference Architecture to improve product quality and full SOA service. After the success of Kingdee products, Kingdee users will be advised to adopt open Group's TOGAF and SOA standards. In November 2009 Shanghai Kingdee Annual Customer conference and China Management model Outstanding award ceremony, Kingdee issued a new version of EAS 7.0, which is China's first use of TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Framework Planning and SOA ERP products. Why Choose Togaf

According to the Open Group's 2009 research Report, the market occupancy of various enterprise framework frameworks is as follows:

According to the report of the above three research institutes,TOGAF's share has exceeded 50% . TOGAF target Long-term industry standards, a common enterprise architecture approach can be used alone or in conjunction with a specific framework associated with a particular group product Version9 An evolution from TOGAF8.1.1, a close alignment of business, the ease of reorganization, the overall architecture and core approach to enterprise architecture, can be enriched in the next few years what is the architecture framework

Large companies and government departments can be composed of multiple enterprises, and may develop and maintain a number of independent enterprise architecture to deal with each enterprise, but each enterprise's information systems often have too much in common, and the use of a common architectural framework often has a large, potential harvest. For example, a common framework can provide the basis for the development of a schema repository, and reuse models, designs, and baseline data. An architecture framework is a toolkit that can be used to develop a wide range of different architectures it should explain the method of information system design , according to a set of enterprise continuum, and explain how enterprise continuum form a whole it should Contains a set of tools and provides a common vocabulary it should also include a recommended standard and a consistent list of products that can be used to implement enterprise continuum

TOGAF is an architectural framework, in short, a tool that assists in the development, acceptance, operation, use, and maintenance of architectures. TOGAF has been used by 80% of Forbes 50 (Forbes) companies and supports an open, standard SOA Reference Architecture.

TOGAF is a collaborative effort through more than 300 Open Group architecture Forum members, including global leading it customers and vendors, and best practices that represent the evolution of the architecture. Using TOGAF as an architectural framework will allow the architecture to be developed to be consistent, reflect stakeholder needs, use best practices, and give consideration to the need for both current and future business needs.
Architecture design is a technically complex process, and design heterogeneous, multi-vendor architecture is significantly complex. TOGAF plays an important role in helping "non-mystification" and de-risking architecture development processes. TOGAF provides a value-added platform and enables users to build truly open systems-based solutions to address their business issues and needs. The Open Group

In 1993, the Open group began to develop a system architecture standard in response to customer requests and published the Open Grouparchitectureframework (TOGAF) framework in 1995. TOGAF is based on the U.S. Department of Defense's Information Management technology architecture (Technicalarchitecturefor information Management:tafim). It is based on an iterative (iterative) process model that supports best practices and a set of reusable existing architectural assets. It allows you to design, evaluate, and build the right architecture for your organization.

TOGAF Range

Emphasizing business objectives as the driving force of the architecture and providing a repository of best practices, including: TOGAF Architecture Development Methodology (ADM): ADM is a reliable, proven approach to developing an enterprise architecture that meets business needs, and it is the key to TOGAF.
TOGAF Schema Content Framework : Provides a detailed architectural artifact model that includes deliverables, deliverables, and architectural building blocks

The Chinese version of the image above is as follows:


The Chinese version of the image above is as follows:
TOGAF Reference Model : Two reference models available, Technical Reference model (TRM) and integrated information Infrastructure model (III-RM)

ADM Guidance and Technology : Provides guidance on applying ADM (iteration, security, etc.) and technologies (definition principles, business scenarios, gap analysis, migration plans, risk management, etc.)

Enterprise Continuum : The resource pool for EA professionals and stakeholders, such as models, solution patterns, and other assets that can be used as building blocks during enterprise architecture implementation and reduction.
TOGAF Competency Framework : A set of resources, guidance, templates, background information, and more to help with architectural practices in your organization

After some of the above introductions, we know that TOGAF is an excellent enterprise Architecture framework, and the rest is how we learn and practice it.