Embedded Operating System (wince)

Embedded Operating System (wince)

1 Introduction to the embedded operating system Windows CE. net
Windows CE. Net is a successor to Windows CE 3.0. Windows CE. NET is re-designed for the embedded market and provides a robust real-time operating system for quickly building next-generation smart mobile devices and devices with small memory usage. Windows CE. net has a complete Operating System feature set package and end-to-end development environment, which includes everything required to create a Windows CE-based custom device, such: powerful networking capabilities, strong real-time performance, small memory usage, and rich multimedia and web browsing features.
2. New Features of wince. net
Embedded system developers will be in Windows CE. net, including wireless technology, such as Bluetooth, device simulation, this feature allows you to simulate the complete device environment without any additional hardware investment. The platform wizard allows you to choose from a wide range of Preset device designs, this allows you to quickly start your development process. In addition, there are a wide range of multimedia and web browsing features, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 and Windows Media codecs (codec) and controls. You can learn about the new and added features in the following sections.
3. wince. NET mobile features
3.1 wireless devices
The following provides enhanced support for various wireless devices in Windows CE. Net:
§ Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a new wireless communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other within a range of about 10 meters. The main goal of this technology is to allow devices to communicate without the need for physical cables. Some of the main devices using this technology include wireless headsets, modems, and printers. Windows CE. net has inherent support for Bluetooth technology, which allows devices to use mobile phones with Bluetooth functions (such as data modem) to exchange files and objects, and use a LAN Access Point with Bluetooth to provide network connections.
§ Object Exchange (obex) Protocol: Object Exchange (obex) is an efficient and concise binary protocol, it enables various devices to exchange data in a simple and efficient way. In Windows CE. net, this feature can work on Bluetooth and IrDA protocols.
§ Mediasense: The mediasense feature improves the roaming experience of mobile device users by notifying applications of the network status. For example, it notifies the application if the embedded device is in the range. It also provides users with an offline mode.
§ 802.1x/Zero Configuration: Windows CE. NET introduces 802.11 Zero Configuration, 802.1x, and Extended Authentication Protocol (EAP ). 802.11 Zero Configuration simplifies the installation of 802.11 networks and makes it possible to seamlessly roam from one 802.11 Network to another. However, EAP significantly enhances the security by enabling the user name/password, certificate, or authentication for a specific OEM when the user logs on to the network.
3.2 open communication platform
Supports leading network technologies:
§ Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): ldap v 3.0 is a protocol used to access Microsoft Active Directory, active Directory stores names, addresses, phone numbers, and other types of information.
§ Remote Access Service (RAS) server: Windows CE. net supports using Windows CE-based devices as a RAS server, and allows clients to connect to Windows CE-based devices using a wide area network (WAN.
§ Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) 5.1: Windows CE. NET introduces support for NDIS. NDIS simplifies driver development by abstracting the hardware layer and protocol layer. NDIS supports Ethernet (802.3), IRDA, Wan, and 802.5 microports. Windows CE. Net fully supports intermediate drivers, battery status, Direct Memory Access (DMA), and sending cancellation.
§ TCP/IP: Windows CE. Net includes a standard TCP/IP stack that allows devices using Windows CE to be used as nodes and servers on a LAN or remote network. Windows CE. Net also includes enhanced security and stability for TCP/IP.
§ Winsock 2.0: Windows Sockets (Winsock) is an interface that can be used to discover and use the communication capabilities of the underlying transmission protocol. By providing a protocol-independent interface, Winsock fully supports emerging network technologies, such as real-time multimedia communication.
§ Network bridging: network bridging can connect multiple Ethernet segments to a single subnet by forwarding frames from one Ethernet segment to another. Windows CE. Net contains all necessary components to support network bridging on a single platform.
§ Universal plug-and-play (UPP) Device Host and control point: upp Device Host (UPP device hosting) enhances the network connectivity of PC end-to-end, wireless devices, and other smart devices on the network. The Device Host API allows you to create a device that can publish its own existence and functions to other upp devices. The APIS provided by UPnP Control Point Allow Windows CE devices to discover and control other devices with UPnP functions on the network.
Support for real-time Internet Protocol (IP) Communication
§ Real-time collaboration and communication: real-time communication (RTC) enables message transmission, attendance at meetings, and audio (VoIP) between any two IP devices ). RTC is based on the Single Inline Protocol (SIP), which is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard. The SIP/RTC framework makes Windows Messenger possible.
Seamless windows Integration
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP): RDP allows thin clients, such as Windows-based terminals, to span the LAN and WAN, you can also use a dial-up connection, ISDN, DSL, or VPN to connect to the same terminal server for communication. The 5.1 RDP client supports High-color resolution, local printer, and local audio playback.
4. Strong wince. NET features
4.1 system-level reliability
§ Improved reliability: To provide enterprise-level reliability, simple thread management, scalable database capacity, high-priority thread clearance prevention, and unique device IDs have been built in Windows CE.. Net operating system.
4.2 small memory usage
§ Minimal operating system volume: by constantly striving to reduce the size of the embedded system and minimize the size of the operating system, you can perform granular componentization of the rich functions in Windows CE. net. The minimum configuration of Windows CE. Net can be as small as KB. It only has the minimum kernel function.
Extensive CPU options
Windows CE. Net supports four microprocessor families and simulation technologies.
§ Arm: The supported processors include arm720t, ARM920T, arm1020t, Strongarm, and XScale.
§ MIPS: supported processors include mips ii/32 with FP, mips ii/32 without FP, mips16, mips iv/64 with FP, mips iv/64 without fp
§ Shx: supported processors include sh-3, sh-3 DSP, and sh-4
§ X86: supported processors include 486, 586, geode, Pentium I/II/III/IV
4.3 enterprise-wide security

4.4 enhanced network security:
§ Kerberos Security Protocol: before establishing a secure network connection, the Kerberos Authentication Protocol provides a secure network connection for mutual identity authentication between entities, and has the following advantages:
§ Efficient Server Authentication: The application server does not need to connect to the domain controller to verify the identity of each customer because the creden。 presented by the customer provide the authentication information.
§ Mutual identity authentication: both the client and server can authenticate each other's identities.
§ Interoperability: standards-based specifications are based on IETF, which achieves interoperability with other networks. Kerberos is the authentication protocol used by servers running Windows 2000 Server and later operating systems.
§ Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Support for Web servers: SSL support has been added to Web servers to allow secure communication between web servers and web clients using encryption technology.
§ Protected Storage: to protect sensitive information or prevent information tampering, the protected storage API provides a convenient solution for password system and user experience problems.
§ Smart Card encryption service provider (CSP): The Smart Card subsystem of Windows CE. Net supports CryptoAPI through the smart card CSP. These service providers are dynamic link libraries (DLL) that can access specific services ).
Extended Device Driver Support
Support for new device drivers in Windows CE. Net includes:
§ Advanced Technology Attachment packet interface (atapi) Disk Driver: This comprehensive functional Driver provides "read" Support for CD and DVD.
§ New unified audio model and sample DRIVER: UAM provides efficient support for WAV and Microsoft directsound & reg; audio APIs. It also makes it possible to write a driver that effectively supports WAV and directsound.
§ Installable ISR: This time-saving feature allows interruption to be shared by multiple devices. The installable ISR extends the ability to process devices in ISR and ist and can be used through advanced language programming.
§ Input/output (I/O) Resource Manager: a driver that calls a device can indicate whether it is a given resource (such as an address or IRQ) to manage all the I/O resources in the system. You can use the Resource Manager Service in the device driver to avoid I/O resource conflicts on the platform.
§ Device notification: Device Drivers and applications can be registered in the device notification system to receive notifications when devices of interest appear or disappear.
5. Smart features of wince. net
5.1. Net device service
Windows CE. Net allows developers to create smart devices and participate in the new world of XML Web Services:
§ XML: Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a common format for Web data. XML allows developers to easily describe and provide rich structured data from any application in a standard and consistent manner. XML does not replace HTML; on the contrary, it is a useful supplement to HTML.
§ Soap: soap is a lightweight protocol used for information exchange in a distributed environment. It is an XML-based protocol consisting of three parts: a framework-defined envelope for the message content and how to process the message; A set of Encoding Rules for the instance for the data types defined by the application, as well as the conventions that indicate remote process calls and responses.
5.2. NET Compact framework
. NET Compact framework is a subset of. NET Framework. It is designed for devices with small memory sizes .. NET Compact framework is a secure, downloadable application-independent hardware program execution environment. It is located on computing devices with limited resources and is specially optimized for these devices .. NET Compact framework provides a variety of languages to choose from (initially, Microsoft Visual Basic & reg; and Microsoft Visual C #), and eliminates some common problems of language interoperability. For example, Visual C # and Visual Basic components can be easily mixed into a solution, so that more developers can easily participate in a solution .. Each language supported by NET Compact framework can access the underlying framework and operating system features equally .. NET Compact framework also supports Web services. These services allow developers to control the granularity of network transmission on small and short-term connection devices, allow data prefetch in the background and enable applications to collect data from different servers .. NET Compact framework supports all the processors supported by Windows CE. net.
5.3 adaptive user interfaces and enhancements
Internet Explorer 5.5 for Ce: supports Internet Explorer custom and personalized user interface enhancements:
§ Customizable user interface (UI): allows you to customize the appearance of common controls and other user interface elements.
§ User configuration file: enables OEMs to store multiple user-specific settings on one device.
§ Multi-screen support: You can connect multiple screens to a Windows CE-based device, just like a large screen in combination.
§ Microsoft cleartype & reg; support: supports cleartype fonts.
§ Font loading Directory: You can specify the directory from which the operating system loads the font. For example, you can save the font in flash.
5.4 rich multimedia support
Supports the latest multimedia experience, including Microsoft DirectX & reg; API and Windows Media 8 codecs and controls:
§ Microsoft direct3d & reg; API: supports 3D interactive graphics programs by allowing devices to access 3D video display hardware in a device-independent manner.
§ DVD Video API: allows applications to interact with dvddecoding hardware. The DVD Video API has the same functions as an independent consumer DVD player.
§ Microsoft directmusic & reg; API: supports message-based music data playing through hardware.
§ DirectX: Windows CE. Net supports all microprocessor, DVD navigation and playback, Direct 3D API and reference grating (only floating point CPU supported ).
§ Windows Media 8 codecs and controls: supports the latest Windows Media 8 codec and controls to support the latest high-fidelity, low-bandwidth multimedia streams.
§ Digital copyright management V 7: DRM 7 allows copyright owners to encrypt and manage content in the ASF (Advanced Streaming Format) format, it also makes it possible to play these encrypted audio and video ASF files.
5.5 latest web browsing Technology
Internet Explorer 5.5 for Ce: supports Internet Explorer 5.5.
5.6 wide range of global support
Windows CE. NET is Unicode-based and has extensive localization and language support, which allows developers embedded in the system to customize corresponding products for specific markets. Windows CE. net has been localized in multiple languages, including enhanced support for the following languages:
§ AGFA font compression: supports AGFA AC3 font compression and decompression technologies, which reduce the ROM size occupied by East Asian font files.
§ Multilingual user interface (Mui): users can switch user interface languages and use a single ROM image to meet the requirements of multiple markets.
§ Support for Chinese operating systems and applications: full support for operating systems and applications for simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese.
§ Input Method Editors (IME) for simplified and Traditional Chinese: Pocket IME with a simple user interface and simplified and Traditional Chinese at the same time, and Microsoft Pinyin Input Method 2.0 for Windows CE.
§ Japanese pocket IME 2.0: separation of the kernel and user interface enables greater customization. New features include dictionary compiler, user dictionary, word registration, multi-dictionary support, new registry settings, and more extensive input method support.
§ Korean operating system and application support: the operating system and application have been localized for Korean. The Korean Input Method kernel and user interface code have also been separated for further customization.
§ Handwriting recognizer engine (hwx) and sample User Interface: provides a handwriting recognition engine for multiple languages, including traditional Chinese and Korean (hangul And Hanja ).
§ Transcriber application: end-to-end solution for handwriting recognition provided by American English, German and French.
5.7 easiest windows Integration
§ Instant Messenger Notification: the instant messaging client enables users to communicate with friends through voice or video, and can easily collaborate with others through shared files, applications, or whiteboards.
§ Microsoft Passport authentication: interacts with. NET Passport. This online user authentication client allows you to use a single registration name and password to easily and securely access all websites and services that support. NET Passport .. NET Passport frees developers from building proprietary user authentication systems and enables them to focus on designing value-added features for the site.
6. wince. Net quick features
6.1 shorter build-debugging-deployment cycle
New features can quickly shorten the time spent on building and testing design. Some new features include:
§ Simulation Technology: Windows CE. net has a simulation technology that allows developers to develop and test their designs on their Windows 2000 or Windows XP Professional workstation without additional hardware investment.
§ New platform Wizard: the new platform wizard allows users to quickly and easily create a new platform based on the built device type, and provides a foundation for Device Design:
§ Mobile phone/smart phone
§ Custom Device
§ Digital imaging equipment
§ Industrial automation equipment
§ Internet/media devices
§ PDA/mobile handheld devices
§ Residential Access Control
§ POS Device
§ Pin box
§ Microkernel
§ Web board Device
§ Windows thin client
§ Motherboard support package (BSP): Windows CE. Net includes multiple motherboard support packages, which shortens the time required for the operating system to work properly on the hardware. Windows CE. Net currently supports the following standard development boards (SDB)
§ Advantech PCM-5822 and PCM-5823 SDB for x86 Microprocessor
§ Applicable to arm920 microprocessor arm integrated SDB
§ Applicable to vr5432 microprocessor ddb5476 SDB
§ Reference Platform)
§ Applicable to vr4122 microprocessor Eagle SDB
§ Applicable to SH3 microprocessor Hitachi SH3 keywest SDB
§ Applicable to sh4 microprocessor Hitachi sh4 Aspen SDB
§ Applicable to sa1110 microprocessor intel sa1110/sa1111 assabet SDB
Suitable for x86 microprocessor Lanner EM-350 and EM-351 SDB
Please visit the Windows CE hardware support and Device Driver page to learn more about the BSP support, which will be updated frequently.
§ Shared debugging Ethernet drivers: Allows debugging and production activities to share a single Ethernet port.
§ Kernel independent transport layer (kernel independent transport layer, kitl): the kernel independent transport layer is an abstraction layer that transparently presents communication hardware to tools. Kitl improves kernel loading, debugging, and analysis by removing the need for the development motherboard and old connections.
§ Remote Call regulator: The process call configuration file can detect performance bottlenecks in applications.
§ Remote kernel tracking: it is an enhanced thread regulator that helps you track down the competition conditions.
§ Remote Performance Monitor: it is an enhanced performance monitoring tool that helps you track and measure system performance for applications.
Expand remote service configuration: Windows CE. Net allows you to maintain a configuration list for multiple target devices. Each target device has its own unique settings. These settings have been expanded to allow the download and connection processes and to control the actions of the target device when the target device is restarted.
§ Sample device drivers: provides sample device drivers for new USB printing, massive storage devices, and remote network driver interface specifications (rndis.
§ Extended output SDK Wizard: by using this wizard, you can create a custom SDK that can be imported to the Microsoft Embedded Visual C ++ 4.0 development environment, to write applications for the custom platform. The SDK wizard can now create an SDK installation package in. MSI format, and feature-based documents can be output to the SDK.
§ Standard SDK for Windows CE. Net: Use the SDK for Windows CE. Net to build applications with almost global portability across devices.
The following are the minimum hardware requirements required to run Windows CE. NET and platform Builder 4.0.
Minimum Requirement
266 MHz Pentium II processor or higher; 500 MHz recommended
Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional or Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 2 installed in the operating system
Memory 128 MB; emulator (simulator) requires 192 MB of memory
The typical hard disk installation of a single microprocessor requires 1.7 GB of available hard disk space, and 14 GB of available hard disk space is required for complete product installation, including the platform Builder tool set.
Drive DVD-ROM drive (install the CD-ROM drive or DVD-ROM drive required for Windows CE. Net CD)
Monitor with VGA or higher resolution. Super VGA Monitor is recommended.
Microsoft mouse or other compatible fixed-point devices
For other devices, use a bidirectional parallel port to download the operating system image without using an Ethernet connection. for debugging, use a serial port or an Ethernet card. We recommend that you use a LAN Hub.
7. wince. Net Industrial Applications
Industrial automation manufacturers used to deploy isolated information technology systems from different vendors, and now they are looking at technologies that can provide efficient and economic infrastructure for general information access across the enterprise. Seamless links to product design and production, sales and production plans, product management and process control, and production and logistics, it is the key to gaining a competitive advantage in today's time-and web-based new production and manufacturing environment. P> Windows & reg; CE operating system is an ideal small-size embedded platform for next-generation interconnected industrial automation devices. Thanks to the use of advanced application services such as Microsoft Message Queuing, Windows CE makes it possible to fully integrate with existing IT facilities at the factory production site. It also provides greatly enhanced real-time support to provide time-critical boundary restrictions, deterministic response times, and control required for embedded applications. Because Windows CE can be started from flash disks, it avoids exposure to dust, high temperature, and vibration environments, so that it can adapt to or even the worst production environment.