ERP terminology and SAP module Introduction

1. Enterprise Resource plan
Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) can be defined at three levels:
Management Philosophy: ERP is a well-known American computer technology consulting and Evaluation Group Gartner Group Inc. A complete set of enterprise management system standards are proposed. The essence is the supply chain developed based on MRPII (Manufacturing Resources Planning, "Manufacturing Resource Planning) management ideas;
Software Products: these products have integrated application of the client/server system, relational database structure, object-oriented technology, graphical user interface, fourth-generation language (4gl), network communication, and other information industry achievements, software products with ERP management as the soul;
Management System: An enterprise resource management system that integrates enterprise management concepts, business processes, basic data, human and material resources, computer hardware, and software.
2. material demand plan
Material Requirement Planning (MRP) refers to the management of the product structure by the enterprise's information management system. With the help of the computing capability and system of the computer, the customer orders, materials in the database, the management capability of the product structure enables you to expand and calculate the material demand plan according to the customer order according to the product structure list. Achieve inventory reduction and optimized inventory management goals.
3. material demand Plan II
Material Requirement Planning II (mrp ii) refers to a process effectively established in the enterprise's technology, management, and economics, throughout the marketing, product design, manufacturing process, production plan, material supply, production operations and control, warehousing management and financial costs.
4. Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management (SCM) refers to the design, planning, and control of supply chain management from raw material procurement to finished product sales. It also coordinates and optimizes logistics, capital flow, and information flow, focuses on coordination between suppliers, manufacturers, wholesale retailers, service suppliers, and customers.
5. re-engineering the Business Process of BPR
Business Process reengineer (BPR) is a revolutionary method that uses information technology and human resource management techniques to greatly improve business process performance.
6. Performance Management System
Key performance indicator (KPI) refers to a cyclical process, it includes four main management links: "target setting", "tracking and reporting", "Analysis and Adjustment", and "assessment and incentive.
7. system application products
System Applications (SAP) is an ERP application developed by an ERP software company in Germany. It is short for system applications in data processing, translation into systems, applications, and Products in Data Processing.
8. sap r/3
Sap r/3 refers to an integrated enterprise resource planning system based on the customer/Server structure and open systems; its functions cover various aspects such as finance, logistics (engineering design, procurement, inventory, production, sales and quality), and human resource management.
Ii. SAP Module name
1. Financial Accounting
Financial Accounting (FI) refers to the ability to disclose and provide necessary information to shareholders, creditors, labor organizations and the public in accordance with relevant regulations, effective company management accounting must include control and transfer functions. The financial accounting module consists of the general ledger, accounts receivable and payable, fixed assets, legal consolidation, and special statistical accounting functions.
2. Management Accounting
Controlling (CO) refers to the various information required to provide enterprise internal management control and internal assessment and evaluation. It integrates with the sales module, procurement module, and financial accounting, various information in production and operation is analyzed and compared in CO, and consists of sub-modules such as general cost accounting, production cost accounting, and profitability analysis.
3. sales and distribution
Sales and distribution (SD) refers to a highly integrated module in the SAP system for solving business operations in the sales process. It is integrated with the finance module, all information can be reflected in the accounting system in real time. It mainly consists of the management of sales orders, credit limit control, Delivery Management, invoice management and other functions.
4. Material Management
Material management (MM) refers to an integral part of the R3 logistics system. The functions provided by this module are based on material logistics management operations: acquisition, procurement, Demand Planning, inventory management, physical warehousing management, and Bill Management.
5. Warehouse Management
Warehouse Management (WM) refers to a sub-module in the MM module. The WM system can be used to manage the complex inventory structure of the company. This structure may include areas in different warehouses (that is, Storage types), such as storage in the elevated spaces, available storage, frozen storage, and fixed position extraction areas, as well as the production supply, delivery and delivery areas. The WM system can be used to manage warehouses with random organizational structures and fixed positions.
6. Production Plan
Production Planning (PP) refers to the module responsible for planning, controlling, and managing production in the logistics system, which provides complete processing to meet various manufacturing modes, such as repeated production, order-based production, order-based assembly, stream Program Production, batch production, and inventory-oriented production. Integrated supply chain such as MRPII, electronic dashboard, scheduler estimator, workshop controller, process control system, PDM, etc.
7. Factory Maintenance
Plant Maintenance (PM) is responsible for the maintenance of complex plant control systems. It supports graphical representation of factories and can be connected to geographic information systems, including detailed factory charts; preventive Maintenance Plan, defect repair, repair, and spare parts management are available for the equipment.
8. Human resources
Human Resources (HR) refers to the human resources module in the SAP system. It is used to manage personnel archives, personnel salaries, training, and travel expenses, the final financial information is integrated into the accounting module.
9. Logistics Integration
Material repair operation (Mro) refers to the management of the procurement, supply, inventory, and sales of spare parts, raw materials, finished products, and other materials.
10. Petroleum Industry Solutions
The industry solution (is-oil) refers to an industry solution specifically developed for oil and gas, SAP has established a global council for the oil and gas industry with its many strategic partners to support the Interactive Development of SAP Oil and Gas Products and SAP Oil and Gas Enterprises. The Council holds regular meetings, focusing mainly on formulating management standards for the oil and gas industry and developing strategies for corresponding sap products to meet the ever-changing management needs of the oil and gas industry. Over 20 years of research by SAP and its strategic partners, the "best business practices" that reflect the production and management experience of today's top oil companies are preset in SAP systems. These best business practices basically cover the needs of most oil companies in terms of production and management, at the same time, it can also provide useful reference and expert help for the reform of the Organization and management processes of various oil companies.
11. Advanced scheduler Optimizer
Advanced planning optimizer (APO) is part of SAP Supply Chain Management. It can optimize supply chain management and provide enterprises with a set of better procurement solutions, through the integration of apo and ERP, suppliers can obtain raw materials at the lowest cost as soon as possible, so that the company's products can be delivered to customers more quickly.
12. Data Warehouse
Business Information Warehouse (BW) refers to a topic-oriented, integrated, time-related, and unchangeable data set in enterprise management and decision-making. Unlike other database applications, data warehouses are more like a process of integrating, processing, and analyzing business data distributed across the enterprise.
13. Enterprise Strategic Management
Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM) refers to the provision of a means and means (such as by comparing with the historical period or reasonable expectations for a future period ), this allows enterprises to constantly change their strategic decisions from ideas to reality.

14. Main production plan
Master Production Plan (MPS) is a pre-established plan maintained by the Master Production scheduler. A Master Production Plan is a set of planning data that drives MRP. It reflects what the enterprise intends to produce, when it will produce, and how much it will produce. The main production plan must consider customer orders and forecasts, incomplete orders, quantities of available materials, existing capabilities, management policies and objectives, and so on.
Iii. SAP implementation
1. SAP implementation method: quick implementation of SAP
Quick implementation of SAP (ASAP) refers to the implementation solution provided by SAP. Accelerated sap integrates several components, which work together to support fast and effective execution of the R/3 system.
2. Change management change management
Change management refers to the management of the gradual and changing process of transforming an enterprise into a new situation using existing plans and concepts.
3. Key process demonstration
Conference Room pilot (CRP) refers to the demonstration of key business processes in the system during SAP implementation, so as to obtain the preliminary approval of the implementation unit for SAP.
Iv. SAP system settings
1. Group
A group (client) refers to the highest level of organization in the SAP system. It is composed of a primary database and all the tables necessary to establish a fully integrated system.
2. Company Code
Company Code refers to an independent accounting entity with a complete set of accounting books. Is the minimum unit for submitting the statutory balance sheet and income statement externally.
V. SAP development tools
1. Advanced business applications Program
Advanced business application programming (ABAP) is a type of application design developed by SAP for reports, screens, interfaces, data conversions, and other applications. Programming Language . All applications of R/3 and even some components of its basis system are developed by ABAP. It is the fourth generation programming language of graphics. Therefore, it is often called ABAP/4.
Vi. System Application
1. Key users
Key users refer to the key users who propose business requirements on behalf of implementers during the ERP implementation process, participate in the whole project implementation, and be responsible for training end users, and system maintenance personnel after implementation.
2. End User
End user refers to the system users who perform routine business operations such as credential input and report query in the ERP system after the ERP implementation.
3. Role
A role is an individual who performs operations according to certain permissions.