Experiment 0, understand and familiarize with the operating system

Experiment 0, understand and familiarize with the operating system

Professional business Software engineering name Lulichin No. 201406114130

First, Experimental Purpose

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

Second, experimental content and requirements

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;
2. Classification of operating systems;
3. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems;

Requirements:

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Third, test methods, procedures and results

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;

The computer operation system is a kind of system software which manages the system resources, the control program executes, improves the human-machine interface, provides various services, reasonably organizes the computer work flow and provides the good running environment for the user to use the computer effectively.

2. Classification of the operating system;

(1), batch processing operating system, the main features are: offline, multi-channel and batch processing .

offline refers to the offline use of the computer, where the user submits the job until the result is almost no longer in contact with the computer.

Multi -channel refers to multi-channel program operation, that is, according to multi-channel program design scheduling principle, from a batch of backup operations to select Multi-channel operations into memory and organize them to run;

Batch processing means that the operator organizes the jobs submitted by the user into a batch, and the operating system is responsible for the automatic scheduling between each batch of jobs.
Batch processing System automation degree is high, the system throughput is big, the resource utilization is high, the system overhead is small, but each job turnover time is long, does not provide the user and the system interaction means, suits the big mature work.

(2), time-sharing system with multi-path, independence, timeliness and interactivity, compared with batch processing, the system overhead, resource utilization and system acceptance of the job, suitable for small immature job. Batching and ticks are systems that are processed in a job-based system and are a common system.
Time-sharing operating system is a special system, the random processing of the external events, with realtime, high security and reliability, provide users with limited human-computer interaction, the system utilization than batch processing poor.
The main features of time-sharing operating system are: multiplexing, interactivity, exclusivity and timeliness .

multiplexing refers to a computer connected to several terminals, and these users on the terminal can use the computer simultaneously or basically;

interactivity refers to the user's way of operation is online, that is, the user through the terminal using the person-opportunity session of the direct control program to run, with the program to interact;

exclusivity refers to the fact that the system uses the time-slice rotation method to make a computer for many end users at the same time, so the objective effect is that these users do not feel that others are also using this computer, as if only their own exclusive computer;

timeliness means that a user request can get a response in a very short period of time.

(3). The main features of the real-time operating system are timeliness and high reliability .

timeliness refers to the system can respond to external events in a timely manner, and within the specified time to complete the processing of the event;

High Reliability refers to the system itself to be safe and reliable, because like real-time control of the production process, air ticketing and other real-time transaction systems, information processing delays or loss often bring disastrous consequences.

3. The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used operating systems analysis;

1. The Windows class is not unfamiliar to anyone who believes they have used a computer, the world's largest software developer,--microsoft (Microsoft). Microsoft's Windows system not only occupies an absolute advantage in the personal operating system, it also has a very strong power in the network operating system. This kind of operating system configuration is the most common in the entire LAN configuration, but because of its high hardware requirements on the server, and stable performance is not very high, so Microsoft's network operating system is generally used in low-medium servers, high-end servers are usually UNIX, Non-Windows operating systems such as Linux or Solairs. In the LAN, Microsoft's network operating system mainly includes: Windows NT 4.0 Serve, Windows server& #47; Advance Server, and the latest Windows 2003 server& #47; Advance server, workstation systems can be used on any windows or non-Windows operating system, including personal operating systems, such as Windows 9x& #47; me& #47; XP and so on.

2. NetWare NetWare operating system is not as good as the early years, in the local area network has lost the momentum of the former one, but NetWare operating system still with the requirements of the network hardware (workstation as long as 286 machine on it) and by some devices are relatively backward in the Small businesses, especially schools, are favored. People can not forget it in the diskless workstation in the form of advantages, but also forget its no excessive demand for generosity. And because it is compatible with DOS command, its application environment and DOS similar, after a long period of development, with a considerable amount of application software support, technology perfect, reliable. At present, there are 3.11, 3.12 and 4.10, v4.11,v5.0 and other Chinese and English versions, NetWare server has better support for diskless stations and games, and is often used in teaching web and game halls. At present, the operating system has a downward trend in market share.

3. UNIX systems are now commonly used in UNIX system versions: Unix SUR4.0, HP-UX 11.0,sun Solaris8.0, etc. Support Network File system services, provide data and other applications, powerful, by the T and SCO company launched. This network operating system stability and security can be very good, but because it is mostly in order to operate, not easy to grasp, especially the novice users. Because of this, the small LAN basically does not use UNIX as a network operating system, UNIX is generally used for large-scale web sites or large enterprises, the cause of LAN. UNIX network operating system has a long history, its good network management function has been accepted by the majority of network users, with rich application software support. At present, the UNIX network operating system version has: T and SCO UNIXSVR3.2, SVR4.0 and SVR4.2 and so on. UNIX is an operating system developed for minicomputer host environment, which is a centralized time-sharing multi-user architecture. UNIX's market share is declining due to its unreasonable architecture.

4. Linux This is a new type of network operating system, its biggest feature is the source code open, can get many applications for free. Currently there are also Chinese versions of Linux, such as Redhat (Red Hat), Hongqi Linux and so on. In the country has been fully affirmed by the user, mainly in its security and stability, it has many similarities with UNIX. But currently this type of operating system is still mainly used in medium and high-end servers.

What type of operating system does 4.IOS and Android belong to?

IOS Operating System  

The iOS operating system is a handheld operating system developed by Apple Inc. in the United States. Originally called the iphone OS, Apple announced the operating system at the Macworld Conference on January 9, 2007, until the June 7, 2010 WWWDC Congress lean renamed iOS. The operating system is beautifully designed and easy to operate, helping Apple's design iphone to occupy the market quickly. Apple's other products, such as IPod Touch, ipad and Apple TV, were followed by the operating system. The iOS operating system is based on Darwin, which, like the Apple Desktop's MacOSX operating system, also belongs to the Unix-like commercial operating system.
Android Operating System  
Android is a free, open source Linux-based operating system that is led and opened by Google and the Open Cell Alliance. The Android operating system was initially opened by Andyrubin and mainly supported by mobile phones. It was launched in August 2005 by Google, and Google has released its Android source code by licensing the Apache open source license. The first Android phone was launched in October 2008, and then quickly expanded to areas such as tablets, TVs and digital cameras. Android now accounts for 76% of the world's smartphone operating system market. A preliminary estimate of the number of devices using the operating system worldwide has reached 1 billion units.

Four, Experimental Summary

Through reading textbooks and web search, understand the development history of various types of operating systems, but also understand the concept of operating systems, the classification of operating systems also have a good understanding of the characteristics of various operating systems and their advantages and disadvantages, for later learning operating system This course has a great help.

Experiment 0, understanding and familiarity with the operating system