Experiment 0, understanding and familiarity with operating system experiments

Experiment 0 , understanding and familiarity with operating system experiments

Major: Business Software engineering Class 2 name: Zhao Chuang Jia Study No.: 201406114245

First, Experimental Purpose

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

Second, experimental content and requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

The development process of the operating system

Operating systems are: 1. DOS operating system; 2. MAC OS operating system; 3. Windows system; 4. Unix System; 5. Linux system; 6. OS/2 system;

Operating System Definition: The operating system is an indispensable system software in modern computer systems, and is the foundation of all other system software and application software. The operating system controls and manages the hardware and software resources of the whole computer system, and provides a convenient, safe and reliable working environment for the user to use the computer.

The operating system can be divided into three basic types, that is, batch processing system, time-sharing system and realtime system, according to the operating environment and functional characteristics of the user interface. With the development of computer architecture, there are many kinds of operating systems, which are embedded human operating system, personal operating system, network operating system and distributed operating system. The   1.  batch operating system batch (batch processing) operating system works by giving the job to the system operator, the system operator composing a batch of jobs for many users, and then entering it into the computer. A continuous stream of jobs is formed in the system, and then the operating system is started, and each job is executed automatically and sequentially. Finally, the operator will give the result to the user.   Batch processing operating system features: Multi-channel and batch processing. 2. Time-sharing operating system (time sharing) operating system operation is: a host connected to a number of terminals, each terminal has a user in use. The user interactively to the system to make a command request, the system accepts each user's command, the use of time-slice rotation processing service requests, and interactively in the terminal to display the results to the user. The user is given the next life based on the previous step results. The time-sharing operating system divides the CPU into several fragments called time slices. The operating system, in turn, serves each end user in a time slice. Each user takes turns using a time slice so that each user does not feel that there is another user present. Time-sharing system has the characteristics of multi-path, interactivity, "monopoly" and timeliness. Multiplexing refers to the time when there are multiple users using a computer, macro view is that many people use a CPU at the same time, microscopic is more than one person at different times take turns to use the CPU. Interactivity refers to the user making further requests based on the results of the system response (the user intervenes each step directly). "Exclusive" means that the user does not feel that the computer is serving others, just as the entire system is exclusive to him. Timeliness means that the system responds to requests from users in a timely manner. Common general operating system is the combination of time-sharing system and batch processing system. The principle is: time-sharing priority, batch processing in the post. The "foreground" responds to jobs that require frequent interaction, such as the requirements of the terminal;  the "backstage" processing of jobs that do not require strong time. 3. Real-time operating system real-time operating system (Realtimeoperatingsystem,rtos) is a request that the computer can respond to external events in a timely manner to complete the processing of the event within the specified strict time, and control all real-time devices and real-time tasks to work together in a coordinated operating system. The objective of the real-time operating system is to respond to external requests within a strict time frame, with high reliability and integrity. 4. Embedded operating system embedded operating system (Embeddedoperating system) is runIn the embedded system environment, the system software is unified, coordinated, dispatched, commanded and controlled by the whole embedded system and the resources of various components which are operated and controlled. and enable the entire system to operate efficiently. 5.  Personal Computer operating system is a single-user multitasking operating system. The PC operating system is mainly for personal use, powerful, inexpensive, and can be installed in almost any place. It can meet the general people's needs of operation, learning, games and so on. The main feature of the PC operating system is that the computer serves a single user at a certain time, and the user interface is friendly by using the graphical interface, which is easy to use, and can be skillfully manipulated. 6. Network operating system network operating system is based on computer network, is a variety of computer operating systems according to network Architecture Protocol standards developed software, including network management, communications, security, resource sharing and various network applications. Its goal is to communicate with each other and share resources. 7. Distributed operating system a large number of computers through the network are linked together, can obtain a very high computational power and a wide range of data sharing. This system is called a Distributed System (Distributedsystem)

Advantages and disadvantages of the operating system:

DOS Introduction diskoperating system also known as DOS, Chinese full name "Disk operating system". 　　Advantage 1 Quick, skilled users can complete some tedious tasks by creating a bat or cmd batch file. 　　2 fast, safe, inexpensive. 　　Disadvantage 1 The daily application function is not rich, (no graphical interface) command line operation is not intuitive, the support of the device is less than 2 many devices can not be implemented in a DOS environment. Introduction to Windows released in October 2001  25, the original name is Whistler. 　　At the beginning of July 2011, Microsoft said it would completely eliminate technical support for WINDOWS XP in the spring of 2014. Advantage 1 Graphical interface is good, has a good integrated development environment, easy to operate. 　　  Provides a scalable, high-performance platform. 2 integration of common application software, simple, fast, convenient. 　　Suitable for computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation. 　　Disadvantage 1. System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to virus and Trojan attack; 2. The software version is low, it needs to uninstall the upgrade; 3. All software and programs pre-installed in the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system. 　　Unix Introduction Unix is a powerful   multi-user, multi-tasking operating system, supporting a variety of processor architectures, according to the classification of the operating system, belong to the time-sharing operating system. Advantage 1 because of the accompanying source code, the user can analyze it and change it. 　　The file system is small and simple. 2 All devices are represented by files, and the device can be accessed using the same command and system call set as the processing file. 　　 3  is portable. 　　The disadvantage of the standard 1/o  Library of the 1 unix  system has become more complex than its underlying system invocation interface. 　　2  traditional unix  cores are not flexible enough to be scalable and have very few code reuse facilities. Linux Introduction Linux is a kind of free and open source Unix-like operating system. Can be installed in a variety of computer hardware devices. 　　The fastest supercomputers in the world are running Linux systems. 　　Advantages 1 Safety  , easy maintenance, stability  . 　　2 software Free/Open source 3 low cost  -  most 4 transparent public  -  Most  GNU/Linux  is open for development. Cons 1 missing apps and games -  you'll lose some of the familiar apps. 2 Lack of hardware support  -  Most of the hardware is supported, but not all 3 ask for help more difficult  -  usually friends, family,   colleagues can not help you resolve  GNU/Linux  related issues, So you need to get help online.

Third, Experimental Summary

Through this experiment, we can get a better understanding of the operating system.

Experiment 0, understanding and familiarity with operating system experiments