Family first aid knowledge you must know

I. Foreign Body accessing the eye

Any small object or liquid, even a grain of sand or a drop of detergent, will cause eye pain, or even damage the cornea.

Emergency solutions: first, they use hard and frequent blinking to clear foreign body with tears. If it doesn't work, hold your eyelids and rinse your eyes under the tap. Be sure to remove the contact lens.

Absolutely prohibited: Do not rub your eyes, no matter how small foreign body will scratch the cornea and cause infection. If the foreign body enters the deeper position of the eye, you must seek medical treatment immediately and ask the doctor to handle the problem.

Bright alarm: If the corrosive liquid splashed into the eye, you must immediately go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment; if after self-treatment, the eye is still unwell, burning, edema or blurred vision, you also need to ask a doctor to use professional instruments for treatment, and do not act rashly.

　　Ii. sprained

When the ligament around the joint is stretched too seriously and beyond what it can afford, a sprained leg occurs, and a sprained leg is usually accompanied by blue-violet and edema.

Emergency Treatment: within 24 hours of a sprained condition, try to use an ice bag for cold compress every hour for half an hour. Pack the injured area with elastic compression bandage and pad the injured area high. After 24 hours, I began to apply hot compress to the affected area to promote blood circulation in the injured area.

Absolutely prohibited: Do not move the injured joint at will; otherwise, ligament tear may occur, and recovery is relatively difficult.

Bright alarm: if the affected area is still painful and inoperable after several days of self-treatment and rest, it may be a fracture, muscle tension, or ligament rupture, and you need to go to the hospital immediately.

　　Iii. nosebleed

The bleeding in the nose is caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the nasal cavity, and the blood vessels in the nasal cavity are very fragile. Therefore, nosebleed is also a common small accident.

Emergency Treatment: The body is leaning forward slightly and holding the cartilage position under the beam of the nose with your fingers for about 5-15 minutes.

If conditions are met, putting a small ice bag on the beam also has the effect of rapid damage control.

Absolute ban: force the head back up the posture will cause the nosebleed to flow into the mouth, the chaos will inevitably have a part of the blood is sucked into the lungs, this is neither safe nor unhealthy.

Alarm: patients should immediately go to the hospital to seek help from doctors if the nosebleed continues to stop for 20 minutes. If the nosebleed times are too frequent and there is no cause, or it is accompanied by headaches, tinnitus, decreased vision, vertigo, and other symptoms, you must go to the hospital for treatment, this may be because the brain has been shaken or damaged.

　　Iv. Burns

Burns are classified into three levels: primary Burns will cause skin redness and tingling; secondary burns will see obvious blisters; tertiary Burns will lead to skin collapse and become black.

Emergency Treatment: Once a burn occurs, immediately place the hot part in the flow of underwater rinse or use a cold towel, if the burn area is large, the injured should soak the entire body in a bathtub filled with cold water. The gauze or bandage can be easily wound in a burn to protect the wound.

Absolutely prohibited: Do not use ice to treat burns. Ice will damage damaged skin and lead to worse wound. Do not make blisters, otherwise there will be scars. Do not apply any antibiotic ointment or grease to the wound. These pasters are easily contaminated with dirt.

Bright alarm: Grade 3 burns, electric shock burns, and chemical burns must go to the hospital for medical treatment. In addition, if a patient has a cough, tears in the eyes, or difficulty breathing, professional doctors are needed. If the area of secondary burns is greater than the palm of the hand, the patient should also go to the hospital to see, professional treatment can avoid scars.

　　5. Suffocation

The real suffocation rarely occurs in real life. Drinking water or being swallowed up by food is generally not suffocated. When suffocation occurs, the patient does not have a strong cough, can not speak or breathe, the face will become red or blue or purple in a short time.

Emergency solution: first, call an ambulance quickly. While waiting for an ambulance, you need to take the following measures: let the patient's body lean forward, with the palm of your hand shot of the patient's back two shoulders in the middle of the position. If it does not work, you need to stand behind the patient, hold the patient's abdomen back with your fist, hold the fist with another hand, and push up and down for five times to help the patient breathe. The patient can also take such self-help measures: place his abdomen on a hard object, such as a kitchen table, and then squeeze the abdomen to let something stuck in his throat pop up.

Absolutely prohibited: Do not feed water or other food to patients who are coughing.

Alarm: As long as suffocation occurs, an ambulance must be quickly called to rescue the patient.

　　Vi. Poisoning

Poisoning in the family is generally caused by mistaken intake of cleaning, detergents, Carbon Monoxide Inhalation, or pesticides.

Emergency Treatment: if the patient is unconscious or hard to breathe, call an ambulance quickly and be prepared to answer the following questions: what substances are ingested or inhaled, what the amount is, the patient's weight, age, and time of poisoning.

Absolute ban: It is often time-consuming to get an ambulance when the symptoms occur. While waiting for assistance, do not give the patient anything to eat or drink, or try to help the patient vomit, because some toxic substances may hurt other organs of the patient when being spit out.

Bright alarm: as long as the occurrence of poisoning, all need to quickly ask an ambulance to rescue the patient.

　　7. "attack" on the head"

The skull itself is very hard, so the general external force will rarely cause skull damage. If the external force is too violent, the fragile vessels in the neck, back, and head will become "Victims ".

Emergency solution: If you have a pack on your head, applying ice packs to the affected area can reduce edema. If the head begins to bleed after the injury, the treatment method is the same as the cut method, that is, use a clean towel to press the wound to stop bleeding, then the hospital suture the wound, and check whether there is internal injury. If the victim suffers fainting, an ambulance must be taken to the hospital without delay.

Absolutely not: do not let the injured fall asleep. Within 24 hours of being injured, someone must accompany the injured. If the injured falls asleep, they will be woken up every three hours and asked the injured to answer a few simple questions, to ensure that the injured are not in a coma and have no intracranial injuries, such as concussion.

Alert: the patient must be admitted to the hospital immediately when there is a major convulsions, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, or abnormal behavior.

　　VIII. Injury

1. Do not rub your eyes or rinse your eyes. drop up to a proper amount of anti-inflammatory eye drops and lie down. Call 120 or send a qualified Hospital.

2. If the hand or foot is blown up by firecrackers or other injuries, use both hands to immediately stick the bleeding part above it. If Yunnan baiyao powder or sanqi powder is available, it can be sprinkled with to stop bleeding. If there is more than a large amount of bleeding, apply the rubber belt or coarse cloth to the top of the bleeding area, raise the affected limb, and urgently send the hospital for debridement. But the bundle tape is released every 15 minutes to avoid ischemic necrosis in the affected area.

　　9. Finger Cutting

1. if there is less bleeding and the injury is not serious, you can stick it to the wound after cleaning. It is not recommended that you apply a red potion or hemostatic powder to the wound. You only need to keep the wound clean.

2. If the wound is large and there is more than bleeding, stop the bleeding and immediately rush to the hospital. The specific method to stop bleeding is to wrap the wound with a clean gauze, hold both sides of the finger root and hold the heart high, because the blood vessels are distributed on both sides of the left and right. This gesture can effectively stop bleeding. The use of the rubber hemostatic belt will be better, but note that the hemostatic belt must be relaxed for a few minutes every 20-30 minutes, otherwise it is easy to cause ischemic necrosis of the fingers.

　　10. Cerebral Hemorrhage

Emergency tip: Turn your head to the side

Typical symptom: a person with a history of hypertension suddenly gets confused or even in a coma due to sudden drops in temperature or emotional excitement.

1. Family members must restrain their feelings. Do not yell or shake the blind person to wake up the patient. Otherwise, the illness will deteriorate rapidly.

2. Leave the patient in bed. Due to elevated brain pressure, this type of patient is prone to jet vomiting. If vomit is not cleared in time, it may lead to cerebral hemorrhage and fainting due to the congestion of vomit and airway suffocation. Therefore, the patient's head must be directed to one side so that vomit can flow out of the mouth.

3. Family members can apply ice packs or cold towels to the patient's forehead for damage control and cerebral pressure reduction.

　　11. Alcoholism

1. Make sure that the airway is smooth for the unconscious.

2. If the patient vomited, immediately place it in a stable lateral position to let the vomit flow out.

3. Keep the patient warm, especially in wet and cold situations.

4. Check breathing, pulse, and response level. If necessary, use cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.

5. The patient is placed in a stable lateral sleep, closely monitors the condition, checks every 10 minutes and records the breathing, pulse and Response Level.

　　12. Hemorrhagic Shock

Emergency tips: Observe closely to prevent blood loss.

Typical symptoms: high blood loss caused by accidents and zero blood pressure.

1. Be sure to pay attention to the shock patients. When the stretcher is used for treatment, the patient's head should be carried on the stretcher near the back, so that the shock patients can be observed closely at any time, to cope with the deterioration of the disease.

2. When a patient is taken to hospital, the patient's head orientation should be in the opposite direction as the vehicle carrying him (ambulances, airplanes, etc, to avoid further blood loss in the patient's brain due to acceleration.

3. If the shock is a pregnant woman of the month, ask her to take a lateral sleep; otherwise, the fetus and the huge uterus will compress the blood vessels, resulting in reduced carcinoma and increased shock.

　　13. Burns

1. partial cooling with cold water for 10 minutes.

2. Use a clean and humid dressing.

3. When the injury area is swollen, remove the watch, bracelet, and ring, and gently fix the dressing. Be careful not to be too tight.

4. Apply a bandage to the opposite side of the injury.

　　Iv. Burns

1. If the burned skin is still intact, local cooling should be performed as soon as possible. Put it under the tap for about 10 minutes. This will take away the heat of the local tissue and reduce one step of damage.

2. Use a soft, wet, preferably sterile mat package to tie the wound. Be sure not to be too tight.

3. If the skin has been burned out, use a clean mat to cover it to protect the injury and reduce the risk of infection.

　　15th, gastric perforation

First Aid tip: lie to the left.

Typical symptoms: a patient with a gastric ulcer suddenly suffers from an unbearable severe abdominal pain and has a hard and swollen abdomen, which is very likely to have sudden perforation of the stomach.

During the Spring Festival due to mood fluctuations or overeating, gastric ulcer patients are prone to concurrent gastric perforation. Once the above symptoms occur, the possibility of gastric perforation should be taken into account immediately. Before an ambulance arrives, do the following:

1. Do not roll around your stomach. Lie on the left side of the bed. The reason is that most of the perforation is located on the right of the stomach. The left-facing sleeper effectively prevents further delivery of stomach acid and food to the abdominal cavity, resulting in increased illness.

2. If the medical staff cannot arrive in time, but there are some simple medical equipment on site, the patient can install his/her stomach tube on his/her own. Specific Method: insert the stomach tube into the nostrils, reach the throat, and swallow it hard while breathing, swallow the stomach tube into the stomach. Then, use a needle to extract the content in the stomach, which can reduce the degree of infection in the abdominal cavity and give the patient time for treatment. Remember that the patient must also lie on the left side.

　　16. fishbone

1. Abdominal extrusion (if the patient is pregnant or obese, the chest is pressed ). If the patient is unable to stand, put it on a solid plane, cross-sitting on the patient's leg as abdominal Push five times, and then check whether the foreign body is coughed out.

3. When using your fingers to dig for a foreign body, you can only dig for a foreign body.

　　17. gas poisoning

Mild poisoning, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, pale complexion. Serious poisoning, breathing difficulties, convulsions, and coma. The first aid method is: immediately open the doors and windows, move the patient to the air circulation, unfasten the patient's clothing buckle to Breathe smoothly, pay attention to keep warm to prevent the cold to form pneumonia. Mild poisoning, you can give him hot tea, take a deep breath, and quickly send the hospital for rescue.

　　18. Wooden thorn

Note whether there is any wood thorn left in the wound. Because the wood thorn and other residues may cause the wound to crash, the stabbed wound is often deep and narrow, it is more conducive to the invasion, reproduction and infection of Tetanus bacteria. Therefore, foreign bodies must be taken out to eliminate potential risks.

After the finger is plunged into the wood Thorn, if the wood Thorn has been fully pulled out, You can gently squeeze the wound, squeeze out the blood stasis in the wound, in order to reduce the chance of wound infection. Then iodine is used to disinfect the surrounding area of the wound, and alcohol is used to wipe the wound twice, and the disinfection gauze is wrapped together. If there is a wood thorn left in the wound, after the wound is disinfected, the wood thorn can be pulled out completely by burning or rubbing the tweezers with alcohol. If the exposed part of the wood Thorn is very short, when the tweezers cannot be clamped, the sterile needle can be used to open the outer skin of the wound, expand the wound properly, so that the wood Thorn is exposed as much as possible, then use tweezers to hold the wood thorn and gently pull out the outside, disinfect the wound again, and then wrap it with a clean gauze. In order to prevent inflammation of the wound, it is best to take 2 xinnuoming tablets twice a day, 3-5 days. If the wood thorn into the nail, should be in the hospital, the physician first cut the nail into a V-shaped and then pulled out the wood thorn.

Remember! After Deep Wood thorn injury, all should be taken to the hospital for injection of tetanus antitoxin (TAT), just in case.

　　19. Foreign Body in the eyes

Dust, coal chips, grain, metal debris and other foreign body blinked eyes suddenly open, tears, pain, fear of light, there is a foreign body feeling, very uncomfortable, in a hurry with your hands to squeeze, I want to rub the foreign body out. In fact, this approach cannot be used. Because foreign body in the eyes through the kneading may damage the fragile and sensitive cornea, causing corneal ulcer, infection, affecting vision. Kneading can also cause eye congestion and conjunctival edema. At the same time, there are a lot of bacteria in your hands, and bacteria will be put into your eyes when you rub your eyes, causing inflammation.

　　20. Nail damage

1. When your nails are squeezed out, the most important thing is to prevent bacterial infections. In case of emergency treatment, the road first squeezed out the finger of the nail, fixed with gauze, bandage, and then cold applied with a cold bag. Then raise the injured limbs and immediately go to the hospital.

2. Crack and bleeding of the nails. You can use honey to warm boiled water in half, mix well, and wipe it several times a day to gradually cure the problem. If the nail rupture is a ball player, during the treatment period, if you need to continue playing the ball, before playing the ball, be sure to use the Rubber Paste to pack the fingers to 2-3 layers, to protect them, immediately remove after the ball, to avoid infection.

3. If there is bleeding under the bed due to trauma and the blood does not flow out, the root of the bed is raised, and the pain is unbearable. When you cannot fall asleep, you can pin a small hole in the needle near the root of the nail, discharge the accumulated blood, disinfect and pressurize and wrap your nails.

　　21. Cardiac Arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest indicates that the heart suddenly stops beating, the great artery beats and the heart sound disappears, and important organs such as severe cerebral ischemia and hypoxia lead to the termination of life. This unexpected sudden death, also known as sudden death in medicine.

Ventricular fibrillation is the most common cause of cardiac arrest. If no response is received from the patient, and no response is received from the upper and lower eyes, the patient is in a coma. Observe the ups and downs of the chest and abdomen of the patient. If the carotid artery and femoral artery do not have a pulsation, the anterior area can not hear the heartbeat sound, you can determine that the disease has a sudden cardiac arrest.

　　22. Emergency Measures

The rescue of sudden cardiac arrest must be in a race against time. Do not wait for an ambulance to arrive and send it to the hospital for treatment. The following emergency measures should be taken to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.

1. Tap into the anterior area: one hand to the patient's neck to the back of the top, the other hand to hold the patient's forehead to push back a little, so that the upper part of the jaw, the back of the head, is conducive to ventilation. Use the fleshy portion at the bottom of the fist, above the middle part of the sternum, 20 ~ from the chest wall ~ Suddenly and quickly hit 30 cm points. If there is no response, the external thoracic heart is immediately pressed. Let the patient pad a hard plate with his or her mouth to breathe manually. Observe the pupil of the patient. If the pupil is reduced (the most sensitive and meaningful sign of life), the face and lips are red, indicating that the rescue is effective.

2. Acupuncture at the point in the middle of the human body or the point in the Labor Palace of the palm, and the point in the foot heart Yongquan play a rescue role.

3. Quickly Pull out the throat vomit, so as not to block the respiratory tract or pour into the lung, resulting in suffocation and aspiration pneumonia.

4. First apply ice packs to reduce the temperature.

5. Send an emergency to the hospital for treatment.

　　23. Alcoholism

Alcohol poisoning is a state of disorder where the central nervous system is excited and then restrained due to excessive intake of ethanol (alcohol) drinks. Generally, it can be self-healing. In rare serious cases, it can be caused by respiratory failure.

The endangered State is unconscious, frequently twitching, low breathing rate, slow heart rate, weak heart beat, and decreased blood pressure. The breathing heartbeat stops due to irregular breathing.

Emergency measures:

For a mild poisoned person, first stop him from drinking alcohol. Second, you can seek fruit such as pears, hooves, and watermelons to give him wine. Alternatively, you can use a method to stimulate your throat (such as using chopsticks) cause vomiting reflection, vomit the stomach contents such as alcohol as soon as possible (this method is not suitable for patients who have been sleeping), then arrange his bed rest, pay attention to keep warm, pay attention to prevent vomit from blocking the respiratory tract; observe the breathing and pulse conditions, if not special, you can recover after waking up. If the patient stays in bed, there is a phenomenon of accelerated pulse, slow breathing, wet skin, dry, should be immediately sent to the hospital for treatment.

Serious Acute Alcoholism can cause symptoms such as irritability, sleep, dehydration, convulsions, shock, and weak breathing. The patients should be given first aid from the hospital as soon as possible. Note: It is not suitable to use coffee and tea to extract alcohol.