Fang zhouzi: opposite truth of the last big grievance in the history of mathematics

Fang zhouzi: opposite truth of the last big grievance in the history of mathematics

In the history of mathematics, this famous great grievance many people have heard from their teachers when they learn to solve equations in middle school. The story tells us that the Italian mathematician Talya in the Renaissance discovered the solution of the cubic equation, which is secret and unknown. A swindlers called the card dealer lied to the hacker about the solution, published it, and claimed that he had discovered it. In a single breath, Talya challenged cada to solve the equation and achieved a big victory, because Talya made a move to teach him. However, these formulas are still called the Karan formula so far, and the name of Talya is not left behind. Talya is just an extension, and the Italian meaning is "jieba ". This is the story of mathematics and mathematicians widely circulated on the Internet.

However, this popular version is incorrect from the overall to the details. Not only does Tata have a name (its real name is nikolo fangtana), but it also has a book on this dispute. The comments of future generations on this matter are largely influenced by the words of Tata.

The math match between Talya and cadan was not performed, but another person in the math match with Talya. In Italy at that time, two mathematicians played a problem-solving competition in the form of gambling money, giving several questions to each other, and submitting the answer 30 days later, the winner wins all the gambling prizes. Tata is keen to participate in such a competition and wins many times.

At that time, the competition problem often appeared to be the cubic equation, because the solution of the cubic equation has not yet been found. Ferro, a mathematician in Bologna, Italy, discovered a special form of cubic equation, called "three-plus-one", which was passed to student Ferro before death. FIO's level of mathematics is actually very poor. After obtaining the secret of FIO, he boasted that he could solve all the cubic equations. Talya claimed to be able to solve the cubic equation, so the two men competed in 1535. Tata produced 30 cubic equations of other forms for Mr. Fei, which made him difficult. Mr. FIO gave Tata a 30 clear "three-plus-one" equation, and it was determined that Tata was not able to solve it. When receiving the question from FIO, Tata did not know how to solve these equations. It is said that, on the morning of the last day, after a night of meditation, Talya suddenly came to the inspiration and found that it took less than two hours to answer the question. He was excited, and Kuan Hong gave up his bet on the Olympics.

When he heard about the incident, caman, who was an official math teacher in Milan, told him that he wanted to know the solution and was rejected by Tata. As a result, kairan directly wrote a letter to Talya, suggesting that Talya can be recommended to the governor of Milan.

As a poor teacher in Venice, Talya was given a high-rise opportunity and his attitude changed, leaving for Milan on September 11, March 1539. After kachan pleaded with him and vowed to God to never disclose the information, tacha finally taught kachan a solution written in the dark Words of poetry. When he obtained the "Martial Arts secret", he did not turn his face against Tata. However, just like many of the leak, Talya immediately regrets it. He had no intention of developing in Milan and rushed back to Venice. In that year, he published two mathematical books, both of which were carefully studied. On the one hand, he was very happy that he did not publish the three-way equation solution in his book. On the other hand, he felt that he was cheated by him, the two books were ridiculed in the letter to the card dealer and cut off the friendship with the card dealer.

After obtaining the solution of Tata Lia, KARAT quickly found the solution of all cubic equations. In the following year, Mr. ferari, 18, found four solutions to the equation based on the cubic equation. Unlike Tata Maria, cart is keen to win fame by publishing new discoveries. However, the solutions he and ferari found are based on the Tata proposal. According to the Cavan oath, Talya will not announce the solution, and their proposal will not be published. Tata is clearly trying to use its solution as a secret weapon to win the game, and there is no evidence to announce it. This makes it difficult to get stuck.

On February 23, 1543, Karan and felari went to Bologna to see his son-in-law, who took over as a professor of mathematics, who presented him with his manuscript, prove that ferro had discovered the knowledge of the law before Talya. This makes it easy to feel relieved and feel that it is not necessary to observe the oath. Therefore, the author published the cubic equation and the solution of four equations in the book "" published in 1545. In order to avoid alleged plagiarism, the contributions of feiero and Tata Lia were not mentioned in the book. However, this does not reduce Talya's hate for him.

In the second year, Talya published a book in which he revealed that he had been blackmailed and attacked. At this time, because the book "" is famous all over the world, he does not want to care about Talya, but felari decided to seek justice for his master. In his public letter, he turned his lips against Talya, presented a challenge to Tata. Tata is reluctant to do this, because it is no good to win a game with an unsung minor. If you lose your face, you will lose your face. In a reply to Mr. ferari, Talya demanded that the camara fight. However, they are still ignored. The dispute still persists after a year of pen-and-ink lawsuit between Tata and ferari.

By 1548, things had changed. Brasia, his hometown of Tata Lia, offered Tata Lia a non-paid faculty, provided that Tata Lia had to go to the competition with ferari to settle the dispute.

The competition was held in Milan's church under the auspices of the Governor of Milan in August 10, 1548, attracting a large number of spectators. Ferari has carried a large number of supporters to aid the fight, while talyia has only one fellow brother. ferari can be said to have used the best time and the best place, in his opening remarks, he had demonstrated that he had a better understanding of the three and four equations than Tata. As early as a glimpse of the treasure, Talya quietly left Milan that evening.

As a result, Tata was not only well-known but also in a difficult economic situation. Although she taught him a year of books, she did not pay his salary. It seems that at that time there was no rule to prohibit the arrearage of teachers' wages, and Talya had to go back to Venice and continue to be his poor teacher after several lawsuits. In 1557, the 57-Year-Old tatalya died in poverty with a high hatred of the card.

Ferari was famous after the competition, and even the emperor invited him to become a teacher for the prince. But felari chose to make a fortune for the Governor of Milan. In 1565, the 43-Year-Old ferari had become a rich man and retired to Bologna in advance. Unfortunately, he died in that year. It is said that he was poisoned by his sister to inherit his property. Only when he was able to live for a long time and was 75 years old, he could have lived for a long time-the scientific and astrology card used to predict that he would have died in September 21, 1575. In order to fulfill his predictions, he committed suicide on that day.

After all, scientific research is a human undertaking, and the weakness of human nature will also be shown in it. As a task that places the greatest importance on the power of initiative, it is hard to avoid all kinds of personal grievances due to competition for fame and profit, and sometimes it is difficult to see what is not twists and turns. Although according to the specifications and historical data of modern scientific research, when the behavior in this incident was not at fault, he did not attempt to plagiarize others' achievements, the efforts made to announce academic achievements and share them with everyone are still commendable. On the contrary, the paranoia and hatred of cadang are a little abnormal for Tata. The strange thing is that, in the legend of future generations, when it becomes a scam, people sometimes feel more sympathy for the weak than seeking the truth. However, the truth is hard to cover up, especially when information is developed. (Fang zhouzi/liumei scholar, biochemistry doctor)