First Aid tips we should know

In daily life, accidental injuries are hard to avoid and sometimes unpredictable. If we do not treat them in time or perform improper operations, they may cause physical injuries to ourselves or others, it is necessary to master some first aid knowledge. Next, let's take a look at how we often encounter small accidents in our daily lives. I hope this will help you.

 

 

Accidentally in the eyes into the sand

The eyes are the most delicate organs, so they cannot tolerate any foreign body. If the foreign body is not cleared in time, it will feel pain in the blink of an eye, and may cause inflammation, corruption, or even blindness. When the foreign body is in the eye, it is the most taboo to rub your eyes, or use a dry paper towel or towel to wipe your eyes. The correct method is to open your eyes, ask your companion to open your eyelids, and carefully check the white eyes (ball and conjunctival), lower eyelids, and cornea. If the foreign body is in the eyelid or white area of the eye, you can use a paper towel to dipped a little pure water to gently wipe the foreign body (at home, it is best to use a cotton swab with a little antibiotic eye drops to wipe the foreign body ); if the foreign body is embedded in the upper eyelid, cornea, or deeper, it must be promptly handled in the hospital.

 

Fishbone canal throat

Immediately stop eating after the fish bone is stuck in the throat. The mouth opened with a "ah" sound, so that the family members can use the light or flashlight to see the part where the fish bone is located, and then use tweezers to clip it out. If no fish bone is found, the fish bone may be stuck in a deeper throat and should go to the hospital for treatment. After the fish bone is removed, there will still be a foreign body sensation in the throat in a short period of time. This is the reason for local mucosal abrasion and you don't have to mind. Many people prefer to use the method of swallowing a large dry rice ball to deal with the fish bone and throat. This method may be effective for small fish bones, but it is ineffective for slightly larger fish bones, sometimes it is stabbed deeper by extrusion. Some people also think that once the fish bone is stuck in the throat, it can be swallowed several times to make the fish bone dissolve. In fact, vinegar remains in the throat for a short period of time, it is impossible to dissolve the fish bone.

 

Fliggy got into the ear canal

After a small flying worm suddenly drilled into the ear canal, do not use your fingers or other things to dig it, so as to avoid the small flying worm drill deeper and deeper, in case of drilling through the drum film, can cause hearing loss. The correct method is to use the flashlight to light the ear canal in the dark area, and use the light of the insects to bring out the flying insects. You can also drop a few drops of cooking oil in the ear canal, so that the wings of the flying insects are soaked and cannot be opened. Then, the insects are pulled out of the ear canal using the ear spoon. If the above method does not work, you should go to the hospital immediately.

 

Food is stolen

If the patient can still speak or cough, it indicates that the airway is not completely blocked, try to make him cough better; if the patient is conscious, but cannot cough up the food, the operating method of hailick (for example) can be used to quickly press the patient's upper abdomen to squeeze food out of the airway by the impact of the airflow. If the patient has been calling, he should immediately open his mouth, stick the index finger to the side of the mouth angle and stretch into the deep mouth to perform a hook scan until the food is cleared. If none of the above attempts work, they should be immediately sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.

 

 

Nose hemorrhage

Nose bleeding, not only can not stop the nosebleed, but will lead to nasal blood inhalation of the mouth and respiratory tract. The correct method is to hold the nose on both sides with your fingers ~ 8 minutes, or use ice water-soaked cotton balls to compress the nasal cavity. If these methods still do not stop bleeding, you should go to the hospital immediately.

 

Drunk

Mild intoxicating people can make them drink strong tea and Diuretic Drugs to accelerate the excretion of alcohol. Serious intoxicating people can make them drink vinegar and use their fingers to compress their tongue to reduce alcohol absorption. If the above processing results are not obvious, you should send them to the hospital for treatment.

 

Heatstroke

Moderate to moderate summer heat, should be quickly transferred to the shade of the ventilated place to rest, take off or undo the clothes, wipe the body with a cold towel, In order to quickly reduce the temperature. It allows summer users to drink cold salt water and refreshing salty drinks. If the patient is unconscious or twitching, the patient should be immediately taken to the hospital.

 

Sunburn

When you go out in summer, you should do a good job of protection, such as sunscreen and Sun umbrellas. When the skin is red in the hot sun and appears red and swollen, use a cold towel to apply to the affected area, and apply some moisturizing cream. If there are blisters on your skin, do not pick them up. Ask your doctor to handle them to avoid secondary infection.

 

Beebot

Once a trip is hurt by a bee, you should be careful to pull out the remaining poison sting, squeeze the wound gently, squeeze out the venom, and apply a bit of ammonia or soda. If it is bruised by a wasp, apply acetic acid water to neutralize the venom. Local cold compress can reduce swelling and pain. In case of nausea, dizziness, and other abnormal reactions, go to the hospital immediately.

 

Leg cramps during swimming

When leg cramps occur in the water, you should immediately go ashore, straighten your legs and sit down, hold your big toe with your hands and pull it back, and massage your calf muscles. If you cannot go ashore immediately, keep calm, hold your breath, and perform the above actions in the water.

 

Accidentally bit the thermometer and swallowed the mercury.

After the mercury in the thermometer is swallowed accidentally, the mercury may combine with the enzyme and protein containing the Meryl group in the body, affecting its activity and causing heavy metal poisoning. Although the amount of mercury in the thermometer is small, it may also cause oral inflammation and acute gastroenteritis, which may be oral erosion, ulcer, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Drinking egg or milk after gargle can not only clear Residual mercury in the oral cavity, but also combine protein in the egg or milk with the mercury in swallowed milk to protect the gastric mucosa and reduce the mercury absorption.

 

Traumatic Hemorrhage

① For small or superficial wounds, rinse them with cold water or clean tap water, but do not remove the blood clot that has been condensed.

② Do not touch, compress, or pull out the foreign body such as a glass slice or a knife in the wound. You can fold the wounds on both sides and wrap them with sterile gauze or bandage, go to the hospital immediately.

③ Collision, hitting damage, there are subcutaneous hemorrhage, swelling and pain, can be covered in the injury area of sterile gauze or clean towel, cold with ice bag for half an hour, and then pressurized to wrap, to reduce the pain and swelling. Serious injuries should be taken to the hospital.

④ There is bleeding in the wound. You can use a clean towel or sterile gauze to cover the wound and compress the wound for 10 ~ Take 20 minutes to stop the bleeding, and then use a bandage to pressurize the bandage, so as to stop bleeding and go to the hospital as needed.

 

Cutting

① If the wound is not big, there is not much bleeding, and the wound is clean, the injury finger can still be bent, the wound and its surrounding skin can be disinfected with iodine, after being dry, use sterile gauze or a band-aid to cover the wound.

② If the wound is large and deep, decompress and stop the bleeding, and immediately go to the hospital for treatment.

③ If your finger is unfortunately cut off, you should immediately put it to injury, and then use a clean gauze to directly pressurize the wound to stop bleeding. If the blood is still flowing out, you can also compress the hemostatic belt at the root of the finger (can be replaced by a general cleaning rope), and pack the broken finger with sterile cloth, and put it in a clean plastic bag. Unless the broken finger is very serious, do not Rinse yourself, do not soak the broken finger with any liquid, and immediately go to the hospital for treatment.

 

Burns

In the event of burns, immediately rinse with cold water or apply cold burns, lasting about 15 minutes, to ease the pain, reduce the degree of burns. Do not apply medicine to the wound without authorization. do not apply soy sauce, vegetable oil, or other soil to the wound. If there are blisters in the burns, do not pick them up. Use clean gauze to cover them and go to the hospital for treatment.

 

Fracture

After a fracture is determined, the Injured Limb (finger) must be fixed and then sent to the hospital. Otherwise, the fracture may cause abnormal activities, which will aggravate the damage. You can use wooden boards, wooden sticks, branches, bamboo, magazines, and other temporary splices as fixed. Without the above materials, the upper extremity can be fixed on the trunk, and the lower extremity can be fixed on the right side of the healthy limb.

 

Pneumothorax

Some people, especially elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suffer from pneumothorax, chest pain, severe inhalation, and radiation to the shoulder and back, severe, after coughing, strenuous exercise, or laughing, there will also be breathing difficulties, decreased blood pressure and other emergencies. In this case, it is taboo to beat back and move the patient to avoid aggravation of pneumothorax. The patient should be given a half-lying position. If the home is equipped with oxygen, the patient should immediately take oxygen and call an ambulance.

 

Epilepsy

Before an ambulance arrives, the patient's head can be sideways to prevent vomit from being suffocated. Then, find a metal spoon or a toothbrush and other things that are not easy to break into his upper and lower teeth to prevent tongue bites. For adults, it is best to wrap a towel or handkerchief on hard things to avoid biting their teeth.

 

CAT/dog bite

After being bitten by animals, some people only have tooth marks or claw marks on their bodies, and they think that they do not have to deal with them without any wounds. This is actually very dangerous. Because tooth prints or claw marks may cause invisible skin damage to the naked eye, the rabies virus may also intrude into the wound.

Early and adequate vaccines should be injected. On the day of the bite, the patient must be injected with a vaccine for each muscle on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, and days after the bite. It must be injected into the triangle muscle of the upper arm or the inside of the thigh, and cannot be injected into the buttocks to avoid affecting the vaccine effect. Venous blood should be taken for antibody testing 10 days after full injection. If the antibody titer reaches or exceeds the standard of 3 units/ml, it means the immune effect has been obtained. If the antibody titer falls below the standard, the number of inoculation needles should be appropriately increased to ensure the disease prevention effect.

 

Mistaken anti-rat medicine

The toxic components of the rats are different, and the clinical manifestations of the rats are different, such as stomach discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and so on. Serious Cases of coma may occur. Water dilution, vomiting, and other methods are difficult to work, it is the best to send the hospital to the emergency department to wash the stomach or symptomatic treatment.

 

Ankle sprained

After a sprained ankle, do not continue walking or rub or rotate the injured joint to avoid further damage. Apply cold towels or ice cubes to the affected area immediately to reduce swelling, relieve pain, and relieve muscle cramps. Hot compress can be used after 24 hours. If you suspect there is internal bleeding, it is best to use an elastic bandage to pressurize the bandage, but do not be too tight, so as to avoid interfering with the blood circulation below the area of the bandage. If you suspect that a fracture exists, use a splint or a wooden stick nearby to fix the injured ankle and go to the hospital as soon as possible.

 

Stop breathing (artificial respiration)

First, let the wounded and wounded sit on their heads and raise their heads back to ensure that the respiratory tract is smooth. If the mouth contains blood clots, vomit, denture and other foreign body, it should be taken out as soon as possible. Then perform manual breathing: The saveder takes a deep breath, then holds the patient's nose, mouth to mouth like a balloon to send gas, be sure not to leak. Blow the air once every five seconds and repeat it. When the mouth is not open or the mouth is seriously injured, you can breathe manually from its nostrils.

 

Stopped HEARTBEAT (chest press)

Let the patient lie on a hard bed or on a flat floor, unfasten his coat, the rescue put the palm root of one hand at a position of 1/3 under the sternum, And the other hand folded on the back of the hand. The defender's arm is vertical, and the weight of the above body is pressed down continuously at a frequency of about 70 times per minute. During the press, the force should be moderate, so that each press will make the sternum down 3 ~ 5 cm is the degree. Note: Do not remove the palm from the pressed part.

 

No heartbeat breathing (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

After breathing and heartbeat stops, the brain will soon suffer from hypoxia, and half of the brain cells will be damaged within four minutes. After more than 5 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, only 1/4 of people may save their lives.

During Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the first step is to use the fist to beat the heart of the patient's front chest inside the left nipple 2 ~ 3 times. When the fist is raised, it is 20-20 minutes away from the chest ~ 30 cm, in order to grasp the power of percussion. If the pulse is still not recovered, immediately perform four consecutive attempts of artificial respiration, and then compress the thoracic heart. During Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, each person performs 15 heart presses and then performs artificial respiration. When the two performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation, they performed four artificial respiration first. Then, one person made five consecutive heart presses and then stopped, and the other person made artificial respiration.

 

Gas poisoning

When gas leaks are detected, the correct method is to immediately close the gas and open the window for ventilation. Before entering a gas-filled room, the saveder should take a full breath, and then use a wet towel or handkerchief to cover his mouth and nose to prevent poisoning. Before the gas is exhausted, do not turn on the light, press the bell, call or use a lighter, match, etc., to avoid explosion. Then, move the poisoned person to a ventilated place and loosen the collar and pants of the poisoned person. Observe its consciousness, heartbeat, and breathing. If there is no heartbeat or breathing, immediately carry out artificial respiration and chest press; if there is a heartbeat, breathing, should immediately call the first aid phone, send to the hospital for hyperbaric oxygen treatment, to avoid sequelae.

 

Drowning

Rescue of drowning, must use a lifebuoy, ball or Board, in addition to a full-time lifeguard, even if the person can swim, do not close to the drowning. After a drowning person is rescued, his breathing and heartbeat should be checked immediately. If the breathing stops, artificial respiration should be performed immediately. The first step is to blow the breath into the mouth for four consecutive breaths, and check whether the breath recovers in five seconds. If there is no response, artificial respiration should be performed, until it resumes autonomous respiration. If the drowning person has no breathing or heartbeat, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. If a drowning person drinks a large amount of water, he can hold his back with his knees when his consciousness is awake, hold his upper abdomen with one hand, and open his mouth with another to let him vomit water, or the rescue person kneel down with one leg, let the drowning face fall down on his knees and vomit water.

 

Airway foreign body (hand-held throat, facial distress, fear, etc. are typical symptoms of airway foreign body)

Self-help:

1. Cough hard. Take a breath first, then cough with enough effort, sometimes the foreign body can be coughed out of the airway.

② Abdominal hand impact method. Pin the right thumb joint to the upper abdomen, which is equivalent to the midline part of the abdomen between the sword process and the umbilical, hold the right hand in the left hand, and then force the inward 4 ~ 6 consecutive and rapid impacts.

Mutual rescue:

The rescue personnel stood in the back of the patient's side and put one hand on the patient's chest. The root of the other palm was aligned on the spine of the patient's shoulder blade, and the rescue force was given for four consecutive times ~ 6 instant attacks.

Infant first aid:

Let the child ride and lie on the First Aid's forearm, his head should be lower than the trunk, and put his arm on his thigh, with the root of the palm of the hand to slam the child's shoulder blade 4 ~ 6 times.

 

Cervical spine injury

If the wounded cervical spine is suspected to be damaged, the wounded should be carried to the stretcher with a designated person to draw, fix their head, and carry the neck. When there is no neck tray, put a sandbag or clothing on both sides of the wounded's neck to prevent cervical spine injury from being aggravated by head torsion or flexion.

 

Spine fractures

From 3 ~ The four men held their heads, shoulders, buttocks, and lower limbs on the same side at the same time. They put the wounded together, lie on the boards, and fix them with a bandage. It is best for the injured to have a prone position and a soft rest in the chest and abdomen. It is strictly prohibited to move or carry the injured in the way of "Moving head and moving feet", and to disable normal soft stretcher handling.

 

Head Injury

If the wounded are seriously injured and have been in a coma, the saveder should immediately clear the vomit and blood clot in his mouth, turn his head to one side, and pull his tongue out to prevent suffocation. Do not use cotton balls, gauze or other articles when the blood flows out of the nasal cavity and ear canal.

It should be noted that, sometimes, people accidentally fall down, the rest of the ground, the surface does not appear to have any skin lesions, but the skull base has been fractured. After a skull fracture occurs in the injured, serious symptoms such as difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, and coma will soon occur due to intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, when the head is attacked, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, ear and nasal bleeding, immediate medical treatment should be performed.

 

Electric Shock

When an electric shock is detected, find the power switch as soon as possible. It is imperative to cut off the power supply. If the power supply cannot be found for the moment, you can find something insulated nearby, such as a wooden stick or plastic tube, to open the contact between the electric contact and the power supply, and then check the reaction of the electric contact. If no heartbeat or respiration is found, perform manual breathing and external chest pressing on the site immediately, and ask others to call the first aid phone.

 

In addition, when an accident occurs, if there are no first-aid items nearby, the first-aid opportunity will be missed. In fact, as long as you use your brains, you can adapt to local conditions. Here are some tips for you to try.

 

1. Stockings: bandage can be used for emergency treatment.

2. Tie: When a fracture occurs, the splint can be fixed or used as a hemostatic belt.

3. clean bath towel: Used as a triangle towel or thick dressing.

4. handkerchief and towel: use an electric iron for full ironing or use a microwave oven for High-fire disinfection in wet conditions. This can be used as a sterile dressing.

5. Magazine, ruler, thick wrapping paper, umbrella, and cane: can be used as a splint for fracture.

6. fresh-keeping film: After several laps of the surface are removed, it can be directly covered on the broken wound, which plays a temporary protection role. The fresh-keeping bag can also play a similar role.