BiOS interrupt call

BiOS interrupt call

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BiOS interrupt callIs a set of functions that provide DOS Programs and some software (such as startup programs) to use ibm_pc compatible BIOS functions. Some operating systems also use BIOS to detect and initialize hardware resources during system boot.

Directory [Hide] 1. Call interrupted 2bios interrupt vector table 3 related 4. External links

[Edit] call interruption

To call the interrupt command, you can use the int command in x86 assembly language.
For example, the following x86 assembly language commands can print a character to the screen using the BIOS 0x10 interrupt.

mov ah, 0x0emov al, '!'int 0x10

[Edit] BIOS interrupt vector table

Interrupted	Description
Int 00 h	CPU: triggered when division is zero or the provider is invalid
Int 01 H	CPU: One-Step trap. When TF is marked as open, each command is triggered after execution.
Int 02 h	CPU: Unshielded interruptions, such A memory error is triggered when the system is auto-initiated.
Int 03 h	CPU: The first undefined interrupt vector, which is generally used only for program debugging.
Int 04 H	CPU: computing overflow. It is usually triggered by the into command when the overflow bit is set.
Int 05 h	Triggered when a range exception is detected by pressing shift-printscreen or bound.
Int 06 h	CPU: called when Undefined opcode (invalid instruction) exception occurs. Usually installed by the operating system.
Int 07 h	CPU: called when an attempt was made to execute a floating-point instruction and no numeric coprocessor was available.
Int 08 h	Irq0: implemented by the system timing component; called 18.2 times per second (once every 55 MS) by thepic
Int 09 h	Irq1: called after every key press and release (as well as during the time when a key is being held)
Int 0ah	Irq2:
Int 0bh	Irq3: called Serial Ports 2 and 4 (com2/4) when in need of attention
Int 0ch	Irq4: called by serial ports 1 and 3 (COM1/3) when in need of attention
Int 0dh	Irq5: called by hard disk controller (PC/XT) or 2nd Parallel Port lpt2 (AT) when in need of attention
Int 0eh	Irq6: called Floppy disk controller when in need of attention
Int 0fh	Irq7: called by 1st parallel port LPT1 (printer) when in need of attention
Int 10 h	Display service-set by BIOS or operating system for software calls Ah = 00 h Set Display Mode Ah = 01 H Set the cursor format Ah = 02 h Set the cursor position Ah = 03 h Obtain the cursor position and form Ah = 04 H Obtain the pen position Ah = 05 h Set display page Ah = 06 h Clear or scroll screen (upper) Ah = 07 h Clear or scroll screen (bottom) Ah = 08 h Read the characters and attributes at the cursor Ah = 09 h Changing the characters and attributes at the cursor Ah = 0ah Change the character at the cursor Ah = 0bh Set the border color Ah = 0eh Write characters in tty Mode Ah = 0fh Get current display mode Ah = 13 H Write string
Int 11 h	Installed by the BIOS; returns equipment list
Int 12 h	Installed by the BIOS or operating system; returns conventional memory size
INT 13 H	Low-level Disk Service; installed by the BIOS or operating system; called by software programs Ah = 00 h Reset disk drives Ah = 01 H Check drive status Ah = 02 h Read sectors from drive Ah = 03 h Write sectors to drive Ah = 04 H Verifies sectors on drive Ah = 05 h Format track on drive Ah = 08 h Get Drive Parameters Ah = 09 h Init fixed drive Parameters Ah = 0ch Seek to specified track Ah = 0dh Reset fixed disk Controller Ah = 15 h Get Drive Type Ah = 16 h Get floppy drive media change status
Int 14 h	Routines for communicating via the serial port. Used by software programs. Ah = 00 h Serial Port Initialization Ah = 01 H Transmit character Ah = 02 h Receive character Ah = 03 h Status
Int 15 h	Miscellaneous (system services support routines) Ah = 4fh Keyboard intercept Ah = 83 H Event wait Ah = 84 h Read joystick Ah = 85 H Sysreq key callout Ah = 86 H Wait Ah = 87 h Move Block Ah = 88 h Get extended memory size Ah = c0h Get System Parameters Ah = c1h Get extended BIOS data area segment Ah = c2h Pointing Device Functions Ah = e8h, Al = 01 H (AX = e801h) Get extended memory size (newer function, since 1994). Gives results for memory size abve 64 MB. Ah = e8h, Al = 20 h (AX = e820h) Query System address map. The information returned from E820 supersedes what is returned from the older AX = e801h and Ah = 88 h interfaces.
Int 16 h	Implemented by the BIOS or operating system. Provides routines to be called by software programs which communicate with the keyboard. Ah = 00 h Read character Ah = 01 H Read input status Ah = 02 h Read keyboard shift status Ah = 10 h Read character extended Ah = 11 h Read input status extended Ah = 12 h Read keyboard shift status extended
Int 17 h	Print Services-used by software programs to communicate with the printer Ah = 00 h Print character to printer Ah = 01 H Initialize printer Ah = 02 h Check printer status
Int 18 h	Execute cassette basic: True IBM computers contain basic in the Rom to be interpreted and executed by this routine in the event of a boot failure (called by the BIOS)
Int 19 h	After post this interrupt is used by BIOS to load the operating system.
Int 1ah	Real-time clock (RTC) Service-called by software programs to communicate with RTC Ah = 00 h Read rtc Ah = 01 H Set rtc Ah = 02 h RTC read time Ah = 03 h Set RTC time Ah = 04 H Read RTC date Ah = 05 h Set RTC date Ah = 06 h Set RTC alarm Ah = 07 h Reset RTC alarm
Int 1bh	Installed by the operating system; automatically called by INT 9 when Ctrl-break has been pressed
Int 1ch	Called automatically by INT 08; available for use by software programs when a routine needs to be executed regularly
Int 1dh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VPT (Video parameter table), which contains data on video modes
Int 1eh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the DPT (diskette parameter table), containing a variety of information concerning the diskette drives
Int 1fh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the vgct (video graphics character table), which contains the data for ASCII characters 80 h to FFH
Int 41 h	Address pointer: fdpt = Fixed Disk parameter table (1st hard drive)
Int 46 h	Address pointer: fdpt = Fixed Disk parameter table (2nd hard drive)
Int 4ah	Called by RTC for alarm
Int 70 h	Irq8: called by RTC
Int 74 h	Irq12: Mouse call
Int 75 h	Irq13: called by math coprocessor
Int 76 H	Irq14: called by the first ide Controller
Int 77 H	Irq15: called by the second ide Controller

[Edit] related

• Interrupt
• Interrupt Descriptor Table
• INT 13
• Input/Output base address
• Ralf Brown's interrupt list

[Edit] external link

• Embedded BIOS User's Manual
• Http://www.missl.cs.umd.edu/winint/index1.html
• Http://hdebruijn.soo.dto.tudelft.nl/newpage/interupt/out-0100.htm
• Turbo Pascal examples for reading sectors
• Html version of Ralf brown interrupt list