CISCO PT Simulation Experiment (14) router configuration for OSPF dynamic routing

CISCO PT Simulation Experiment (14) router configuration for OSPF dynamic routing

Experimental Purpose :

Mastering the configuration method of OSPF dynamic route selection protocol

Mastering the OSPF route description in the routing table

Familiar with the principle and process of routing and packet forwarding

Experimental Background :

The company connects to the egress router of the enterprise network through a three-layer switch, and the router is connected to another router in the ISP of the Internet service provider. Now the enterprise network equipment to do the appropriate configuration, the enterprise network to achieve the internal host and the external network host communication. In order to simplify the management and maintenance work, the company decided to use dynamic routing configuration--OSPF protocol to realize interoperability.

Technical Principle :

• Once the router has established a correct and stable routing table through the routing protocol, it forwards the IP packets along an optimal path from the source node to the destination node, and the approximate process is as follows:

1. first check the destination IP address in the data packet header, calculate the destination network address, and then query the routing table;

2. If the IP address of the next hop router to the destination network is given in the table, the IP packet is forwarded to the next hop router according to the given path.

             3

4. If the destination network is directly connected to the port of the router, the IP packet is forwarded to the destination port given in the routing table.

5. If there is neither the next hop routing address nor the destination port in the routing table, the IP packet is forwarded to the default route for processing;

6. If no default route is set or routing information for the destination network is still not in the default route, the IP packet is dropped directly.

• Open Shortest Path Priority protocol (Open Shortest Path First, or OSPF) is one of the most widely used routing protocols in the network, and it spreads the link state information of the device to the whole network, so that each device in the net can finally synchronize a database with the whole network link state, then adopt The SPF algorithm, which is the root of itself, calculates the shortest path to other networks and eventually forms the whole network by information. Has the following characteristics:

  • Adopt the design of layered routing, can divide the region, support large-scale Internet environment;

  • Allow multi-developer device integration (open standards);

  • Support for variable-length masks (VLSM) and classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR);

  • No limit on the maximum number of hops to route;

  • Contains 3 separate tables: ① is used to track direct-attached neighbor routers (neighbor relational databases), ② is used to determine the topology of the entire network (topology database); ③ is used as a routing table;

  • Routing update adopts group broadcast text;

• OSPF Basic configuration includes: Enable and run the OSPF process, under which the router's zone, zone scope, and network address participating in the OSPF route are configured.

  • OSPF is much more complex than RIP, in addition to the basic configuration, OSPF has many complex optional configurations, such as the default cost value, tag value, etc. that are configured to introduce external routes, the OSPF authentication mode, the neighbor router, the passive interface, route filtering, and so on.

• OSPF area: Consists of a group of neighboring networks and routers that share a zone ID across all routers in the same region. The zone ID is assigned to a specific routing interface, which can have multiple zone IDs on the router, and zone 0 is an essential backbone area where all routers in the same region have the same topology table.

  • Differences from OSPF process ID: the OSPF process ID groups A series of OSPF configuration commands, a value that has only local meaning (starting at 1), so different OSPF routers do not need to use the same process ID to complete the communication. multiple OSPF processes can be run at the same time for backup of the topology database.

• Unlike RIP configurations, the parameters of the command network consist of a network address and a wildcard mask, which is used to identify the interface of an OSPF operation. Where the wildcard mask is used with the source or destination address to determine the matching address range, 0 for exact match, and 1 for any match, which is a completely different concept from the subnet mask.

Laboratory Equipment : router-pt 2 units, switch_3560 1 units, switch_2960 1 units, PC 3 units, straight line, crossover line, serial line.

Experimental topology :

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Experimental steps:

New Cisco PT topology diagram

Set IP and gateway addresses for each PC, where the gateway address is the IP address of the routing interface, respectively

Configuration of the three-layer switch Switch1 (VLAN, SVI, routing, etc.)

then the Ethernet interface on the ROUTER0 and the Router1 Configure IP Address

The IP address is configured on the serial interface between the routers, and the IP address must be within the same subnet

Set the clock frequency on the ROUTER0 serial port (this experiment ROUTER0 the DCE type, the ROUTER0 one end has the clock icon)

Look at the direct-attached route on the router

configuring OSPF on ROUTER0 and Router1 Dynamic Routing

View Router dynamic routing on the

Verify the communication between different LAN PCs

PC Settings 192.168.1.2//pc0192.168.1.3//pc1//subnet mask and gateway 255.255.255.0192.168.1.1

PC Settings 192.168.2.2//pc2//subnet mask and gateway 255.255.255.0192.168.2.1

/*=part1  s3560 vlan configuration   */switch>enswitch#config tswitch (config) #vlan  2                  //creating VLANs  2switch (Config-vlan) #vlan  3             Create Vlan 3switch (Config-vlan) #exitSwitch (config) #inter  f0/1switch (config-if) #switchport  access  vlan 2       //set Port mode to Accessswitch (config-if) #exitSwitch (config) #inter  f0/2switch (config-if) #switchport  access vlan 3        //set Port mode to Accessswitch (config-if) #exit/*=PART2  SVI routing configuration   */switch (config) #ip   routing             //turn on routing, turn switch off by default ( Config) #interface  vlan 2                   //into the SVI interface mode, the interface automatically opens switch (config-if) #ip  address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0          //Configuring the SVI Interface Ipswitch (config-if) #exitSwitch (config) #interface  vlan  3switch (config-if) #ip  address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0         switch (config-if) #exit/*=PART3  OSPF Dynamic routing configuration   */switch (config) #router  OSPF 1          //enables the OSPF protocol, which is dependent on the OSPF process id=1//specifies the notification network, and belongs to the OSPF area Id=0switch (config-router) #network  192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0switch ( Config-router) #network  192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0switch (config) #^zswitch#show  Rswitch#show ip route

/*=part1  router0  Basic Configuration   */router>enablerouter#conf trouter (config) #inter  f0/0                  //Enter No. 0 module NO. 0 port (Fast Ethernet interface) Router (config-if) #ip  address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0     //Configuration F0/0 Interface Iprouter (config-if) #no  shutdown              //open port, default off router (config-if) #exitRouter (config) #interface  serial 2/0        //enters 2nd module NO. 0 port (Serial interface) Router (config-if) #ip  address 10.10.254.1  255.255.255.0    //Configuration S2/0 Interface Iprouter (config-if) #clock  rate 64000         //must be configured with a clock to communicate router (config-if) #no  shutdown              //open port, default off router (config-if) #exit/*=part2   OSPF Dynamic Routing configuration   */router (coNfig) #router  ospf 1               //enables the OSPF protocol, the subordinate OSPF process id=1//Specifies the advertisement network, and belongs to the OSPF area id=0router (config-router) #network  192.168.3.0  0.0.0.255 area 0router (config-router) #network  10.254.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0router (Config-router) #^zrouter#show rrouter#show ip route

/*=part1  router1  Basic Configuration   */router>enablerouter#conf trouter (config) #inter  f0/0                  //Enter No. 0 module NO. 0 port (Fast Ethernet interface) Router (config-if) #ip  address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0     //Configuration F0/0 Interface Iprouter (config-if) #no  shutdown              //open port, default off router (config-if) #exitRouter (config) #interface  serial 2/0        //enters 2nd module NO. 0 port (Serial interface) Router (config-if) #ip  address 10.10.254.2  255.255.255.0    //Configuration S2/0 Interface Iprouter (config-if) #no  shutdown              //open port, default off Router (config) #exit/*=part2   OSPF Dynamic routing configuration   */router (config) #router  ospf 1               //enables the OSPF protocol, the subordinate OSPF process id=1//Specifies the advertisement network, and belongs to the OSPF area id=0router (config-router) #network  192.168.2.0  0.0.0.255 area 0router (config-router) #network  10.254.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0router (Config-router) #^zrouter#show rrouter#show ip route

# Link Test PC0 and PC1 (Command prompt cmd) ping 192.168.1.1//Intranet link Ping 10.254.10.1//extranet link ping 192.168.2.2 Destination network link through PC2 (Command prompt cmd) ping 10.254.10.1//link ping 192.168.3.1//link-pass Pin G 192.168.1.3//Link Pass

Lab environment: Windows 7,cisco PT 7.0

Reference: CCNA Study Guide (7th edition)

CISCO PT Simulation Experiment (14) router configuration for OSPF dynamic routing