Disk and file system management

Terminal type:

Console: Console

Pty: Physical terminal (VGA)

Tty #: virtual terminal (VGA)

TTYs #: Serial Terminal

PTS/#: Pseudo Terminal

Shell:

Ln [-S-v] SRC dest

Hard link:

1. Only files can be created and cannot be applied to directories;

2. Cross-file systems are not supported;

3. Creating a hard link increases the number of file links;

Symbolic Link:

1. It can be applied to directories;

2. Cross-file systems are supported;

3. The number of links to linked files is not increased;

4. Its size is the number of characters contained in the specified path;

Du

-S

-H

DF:

Link

DEVICE file:

B: devices that are randomly accessed by block;

C: linear devices are measured in characters;

B: Hard Disk

C: keyboard

/Dev

Master device number (major number)

Device Type

Sub-device number (minor number)

Identifies different devices of the same type

Mknod

Mknod [Option]... name type [major minor]

-M Mode

File Name of the hard disk device:

IDE, ATA: HD

SATA: SD

SCSI: SD

USB: SD

A, B, C,... to distinguish different devices of the same type

IDE:

First ide port: master and slave

/Dev/hda,/dev/HDB

Second ide port: master and slave

/Dev/HDC,/dev/HDD

SDA, SDB, SDC ,...

Hda:

Hda1: the first primary Partition

Hda2:

Hda3:

Hda4:

Hda5: the first logical Partition

Check that the current system recognizes several hard disks:

Fdisk-L [/dev/to/some_device_file]

Manage disk partitions:

Fdisk/dev/SDA

P: displays partitions of the current hardware, including unsaved changes.

N: Create a New partition.

E: extended partition

P: Primary Partition

D: delete a partition.

W: Save and exit

Q: Do not save and exit

T: Modify the partition type.

L:

L: Display All supported types

Partprobe

Disk Management

File System Management

Re-create a file system will damage the original file

Mkfs: Make File System

-T fstype

Mkfs-T ext2 = mkfs. ext2

[[Email protected] ~] # Mkfs-T ext2/dev/sda5

Mke2fs 1.39 (29-may-2006)

Filesystem label =

OS type: Linux

Block size = 4096 (log = 2)

Fragment size = 4096 (log = 2)

245280 inodes, 489974 Blocks

24498 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the Super User

First data block = 0

Maximum filesystem blocks = 503316480

15 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16352 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768,983 04, 163840,229 376, 294912

Writing inode tables: Done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: Done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs-C or-I to override.

Mkfs-T ext3 = mkfs. ext3

[[Email protected] ~] # Mkfs-T ext3/dev/sda7

Mke2fs 1.39 (29-may-2006)

Filesystem label =

OS type: Linux

Block size = 4096 (log = 2)

Fragment size = 4096 (log = 2)

123648 inodes, 246991 Blocks

12349 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the Super User

First data block = 0

Maximum filesystem blocks = 255852544

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

15456 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768,983 04, 163840,229 376

Writing inode tables: Done

Creating Journal (4096 blocks): Done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: Done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs-C or-I to override.

Dedicated Management of ext files:

Mke2fs

-J: Create an ext3 file system.

-B block_size: Specifies the block size. The default value is 4096. The available value is 1024, 2048, or 4096;

-L label: Specify the volume label of the partition;

-M #: Specify the percentage of blocks reserved for Super Users.

-I #: used to create an inode for the specified size of bytes. The default value is 8192. the value given here should be 2 ^ n times the block size;

-N #: specifies the number of inodes;

-F: Force create a file system;

-E: specify additional file system attributes;

Disk and file system management