Docker Installation and QuickStart (MAC)

Docker is an open-source application container engine that allows developers to package their applications and dependencies into a portable container, and then publish them to any popular Linux machine or virtualize them. – Baidu Encyclopedia

The Docker structure is as follows

The core is the use of LXC to implement virtual machine-like capabilities to make more efficient use of hardware resources.
Docker Ispect docker_container_id

Installation

1. Installing Docker
   This article is primarily for Mac installations, like Windows and Linux.
   
   1. Check the system version
      To install Docker Toolbox requires OSX version >=10.8 "Mountain Lion", the View method is 点击左上角苹果图标->About this Mac
      
      If the system does not meet the requirements, please update the system first.
   2. Get installation files
   3. Double-click to open the installation image and the Installation Wizard will display a list of the programs that will be installed
      
      After pressing ' Continue ', a Custom installation option will be provided and you can choose which programs to install:
      
      It is recommended to install all.
      Tapping Install and entering a password will start the installation.
   4. Installation Complete
      
      The Docker Quickstart terminal is the equivalent of a shortcut to Docker through the terminal, eliminating the hassle of logging in, Kitematic is the graphical interface of Docker, which can be visualized and used directly from the Docker hub. The following are the command-behavior interfaces

Basic operations

1. Install image
   sudo docker pull ubuntu:12.04
   Equivalent to
   sudo docker pull registery.hub.docker.com/ubuntu:12.04
   It is downloaded from the default repository, but sometimes the official warehouse download is slow, and you can specify the warehouse using the following command:
   sudo docker pull dl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu:12.04

2. Docker Run common parameters

• '-I ': Keep STDIN Open even if not attached
• '-T ': Allocate a Pseudo-tty assigns a console to interact with the container

For interactive operations within the execution container, such as shell scripts. We must use-I-T to request a console to interact with the container for data. However, you cannot use-t when interacting with a container through a pipeline. For example, the following command
echo Test | Docker Run-i BusyBox Cat

• '-d ' enables the container to run in background mode (detached modes) and the current terminal window is no longer monitored by the container and can be re-mounted using Docker attach
• --rm: The container is deleted immediately after it terminates
• '-a=[] ' specifies which streams the container mounts (' STDIN ', ' STDOUT ', ' STDERR ') are all mounted without this parameter
• ' –name ': Name the container
  Docker Run–name WEI-ITD BusyBox

Docker PS Lists the running Docker containers

• '-a ' lists all containers
• '-Q ' lists the container IDs of all processes,
• Action: such as killing all processes
  Docker kill $ (Docker ps-q)

Docker image

2. Modify an existing mirror
4. Start the container with the downloaded image first
   sudo docker run-it Training/sinatra/bin/bash
   Remember easy IDs, add JSON and gems to the container two apps
   [Email protected]:/#: Gem install JSON
   Submit an updated copy after exiting with exit
   sudo docker commit-m "Add json gem"-a "Docker Newbee" 0b2616b0e5a8 ouruser/sinatra:test
   '-m ' parameter description information, '-a ' specifies the updated user information, followed by the container ID used to create the image, finally specifying the target image warehouse name and tag information, and then returning the ID of the mirror after creation
6. Creating a mirror using Dockerfile
7. New Catalog and Dockerfile
   mk d IR sINaT R a CD Sinatra
   $ Touch Dockerfile
9. Dockerfile each of the specified layers creates a layer of mirroring, up to 127 layers
   # This is a comment
   From ubuntu:14.04
   Maintainer Docker Newbee [email protected]# author
   RUN APT-GET-QQ Update
   RUN apt-get-qqy Install ruby Ruby-dev
   RUN Gem Intall Sinatra
   # put my local Web site in myApp folder to/var/www
   ADD myapp/var/www
   # Expose HTTPD Port
   EXPOSE 80
   # the command to run
   CMD ["/usr/sbin/appachectl", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
11. Build image
    sudo docker build-t= "Ouruser/sinatra:v2"
    The '-t ' tag adds tag, specifying the user information for the new mirror
13. Start the container with a new mirror
    sudo docker run-it Ouruser/sinatra:v2/bin/bash
    Docker tag 5db5f8471261 Ouruser/sinatra:devel
    Change Mirror Label
15. Upload image
    sudo docker push Ouruser/sinatra
17. Deposit out and load
19. Deposit out
    sudo docker save-o Ubuntu_14.04.tar ubuntu:14.04
21. Gta5-In
    sudo docker load–input Ubuntu_14.04.tar
    Or
    sudo docker load < Ubuntu_14.04.tar
23. Removed from
    Docker RMI Training/sinatra
    Note: You should first docker rm drop all containers that depend on the image before removing it

Docker container

1. New and started: Docker run
   sudo docker run-it Ubuntu:14.04/bin/bash
   Launch a bash terminal that allows users to interact
2. Start terminated program: Docker start
3. Daemon operation: '-d '
   Gets the output information of the container:
   sudo docker logs Insane_babbage
   Enter the daemon container:
   Docker Attach Container_name
4. To terminate a container:
   Docker Stop Container_name
   To restart the container:
   Docker start Container_name
   To restart the container:
   Docker Restart Container_name
   Terminates the running state container and restarts it.
5. Exporting and Importing containers
   
   • Export container snapshot to Local:
     Docker Export container_id > Container_name.tar
   • To import a container from a local snapshot:
     Docker Import Container_path Example/imagerepo
6. Delete Container
   Docker RM container_id
   Container to be stopped before deletion

Docker Hub

1. Login:
   Docker Login
   After entering the user name and password, the authentication information is saved in the file of the local user directory. .dockercfg
2. Basic operations
   
   • Search Image:
     Docker Search CentOS
   • Download image
     Docker Pull CentOS
   • Upload image
     Docker Push Image_name
   • Automatically create slightly
3. Private Warehouse
   Slightly

Docker Data Management

1. Two different ways:

• Data Volume (Volumes)
• Data volume container (Volumes container)

Data volumes

Characteristics

• Data volumes can be shared between containers
• Changes to the data volume will take effect immediately
• Updates to a data volume do not affect mirroring
• The volume will persist until no container uses it

Create a data volume
docker runuse -v parameters to create and mount data volumes into the container when using commands. Can be used multiple times to mount multiple data volumes in one run
Docker run-d-p–name web-v/webapp training/webapp python app.py
Note: You can use it in Dockerfile VOLUME to add one or more new volumes to the container created by the image.

Mount a host directory to a container
Docker run-d-p–name web-v/src/webapp:/opt/webapp python app.py
Mount the directory of the host to the container. /src/webapp /opt/wepapp
Last plus :ro mount as read-only
Dockerfile does not support this usage

Mount a host file to the container
Slightly

Data Volume container

If there are some continuously updated data that need to be shared between containers, it is a good idea to create a data volume container that is used specifically to provide data volumes for use by other containers.

Create:
Docker run-d-v/dbdata–name dbdata training/postgres echo data-only Container
#挂载
Docker Run-d–volumes-from Dbdata–name db1 training/postgres

Delete
If you delete a mounted container (dbdata, DB1) The data volume will not be deleted automatically, you need to delete the last one that is still hanging in its container.docker rm -v

Backup
Docker Run–volumes-from Dbdata-v $ (PWD):/backup Ubuntu tar Cvf/backup/backup.tar ...

Recovery
# Create a container with a data volume dbdata2
Docker run-v/dbdata–name Dbdata2 Ubuntu/bin/bash
# Create another container, mount the DBDATA2 container, and use Untar to extract the backup file to the mounted container volume
Docker Run–volumes-from Dbdata2-v $ (PWD):/backup busybox tar Xvf/backup/backup.tar

Network Management in Docker

2. External Access Container
   Specifying port mappings with the-p or-p parameters
   
   • -P: Randomly maps a 49000-49900 port to an internal container open network port
   • -p: Specify ports, supported formats, ip:hostPort:containerPort|ip::containerPort|hostPort:containerPort and UDP tags can also be used to specify UDP ports-p 127.0.0.1:5000:5000/udp
   • Use docker port to view the currently mapped port configuration
     Docker Port Nostalgic_morse 5000
     

     127.0.0.1:49155

4. Container interconnect
   #创建数据库容器
   Docker run-d–name db training/postgres
   # interconnect
   Docker run-d-p–name web–link db:d b training/webapp python app.py
   Such container db and Web container establish interconnection, --link format: --link name:alias , Names is the name of the container to be linked to, alias is the alias of the link, and the connected container can be viewed in Docker PS
   
   • View connection Information
   • environment Variables
     Dock Er run–rm–name web2–link db:db training/webapp env
     Get environment variable
     ...
     db_name=/web2/db
     db_port=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432
     db_port_5000_tcp=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432
     ...
     prefix with uppercase connection aliases
   • parent Container web2 /etc/hoists file
     Docker run-it–rm–link db:db training/webapp/bin/bash
     # cat/etc/hosts
     172.17.0.7 Aed84ee21bde
     ...
     172.17.0.5 DB
     There are two hosts, the first is the Web container, the Web container uses the ID as its host name, the second is the IP and hostname of the DB container, and you can use Ping db To test the connection status of the WEB2 and DB containers

Advanced network Configuration

1. Network structure
   
2. Configure DNS
   Docker updates all container DNS files immediately after a host host DNS update by mounting 3 related profiles to the new container /etc/resolv.conf
   
   • -h HOSTNAME | --hostname=HOSTNAMESpecifies the host name of the container that will be written to /etc/hosts and from the container. /etc/hostname
   • --link=CONTAINER_NAME:ALIAS: Add a host name for another container to /etc/hosts , so that the process of the new container can use the hostname alias to connect to it
   • dns=IP_ADDRESS: Let the container resolve /etc/hosts the host name that is not in
   • dns-search=DOMAIN: Sets the search domain for the container
3. Container access to external network
   Container access to the external network requires local forwarding support, through
   Sysctl Net.ipv4.ip_forward (Mac:sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding)
   Check that there is no turn on forwarding, 1 is on 0 for off, open by the following command
   Sysctl-w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 (Mac:sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1)

Docker Installation and QuickStart (MAC)