English Grammar final Collector's note-23 connection words

Connection words

Join words are an important part of English, they connect English sentences and paragraphs, make the article smooth and natural, so that the relationship between English sentences and sentences, paragraphs and paragraphs at a glance. Chinese grammar books generally do not specifically relate to connection words. Given that Chinese students often make connection errors when applying English (especially writing), it is necessary for us to specialize in connecting words, such as the use of concatenated words and punctuation marks when using them.

The conjunctions in English are divided into two categories: the connecting words of the word of speech (that is, the conjunction) and the auxiliary words.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are used to connect words with words, phrases and phrases or sentences and sentences. Conjunctions cannot be made as part of a sentence alone or in a morphological change. Conjunctions are divided into two kinds: parallel conjunctions and subordinate conjunctions.

One, parallel conjunctions

A parallel conjunction is used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that serve the same composition in a sentence. Common there are seven words and four phrases: and, but, or, for (because), nor, so, yet; Both...and ..., not only....but also ...., either...or ...., Neither...nor ...

1. and used to concatenate words, phrases, or clauses, indicating a side-by-side or symmetric relationship:

The man put on his coat and hat, and went out of the office. The man put on his coat, put on his hat and walked out of the office.

A car and a dictionary are both useful. Cars and dictionaries are useful.

I went home and John stayed there. I went home, and John stayed there.

2. But connect two words, phrases, or clauses with different meanings or even opposites, indicating a transition:

Not everybody was honest and hardworking, but Tom was. Not everyone is honest and willing to do it, but Tom is.

We tried to persuade she to does it but failed. We tried to persuade her to do it, but did not succeed.

3. The or means that the two are one, indicating the choice:

Which VCD player is better, which one or that one? Which VCD is better, this or that?

Is hungry or not? Are you hungry?

4. for (because) can only be placed after a clause that represents a knot, the clause that guides the reason:

I must is going, for it ' s getting dark. I must go because it is dark.

He didn ' t go there, for he is ill. He didn't go there because he was ill.

5. Both...and ... Can only be used to connect two parallel words or phrases, cannot connect sentences:

His plan was both easy and practical. His plan is both easy and practical.

Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. Zhang Yimou is a well-known director at home and abroad.

Both this plane and its engines is made in China. The plane and its engine are made in China.

6. Not Only...but also ... Not only can connect words and phrases, but also can connect clauses. Also sometimes omitted. Note that the subject and predicate need to be inverted when the not is only at the beginning of the sentence:

He is not a actor but also a writer. He is not only an actor, but also a writer.

He isn't only read it but also remembered what he had read. Not only did he read it, but he remembered what he had read.

When we are on the universe, we mean not only the Earth, the sun, and the moon, but (also) all the other things too FA R away for us to see. When we talk about the universe, we refer not only to the Earth, the sun and the moon, but also to everything else that is far from unseen.

Not only does he say it but (also) he did it. Not only did he say it, but he did it. Flip

Not only does the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. The nurses not only demanded a raise, but also demanded shorter hours. Flip

7. Either...or ... Indicates the selection, "or ... Or ... "," or "not ..." means. Attention either...or ... The verbs in a sentence are usually consistent with the subject in the neighborhood (when the whole structure is a subject).

Either you is wrong, or I am. Either you are wrong, or I am wrong.

Either you or he is going to get the job. Either you or he will get the job.

Can I borrow either your car or your bike? May I borrow your car or your bike?

If you're late, you should make a apology to the host either immediately or later. If you are late, you should apologize to your host immediately or afterwards.

8. Neither...nor ... It means "neither ... nor ...". Attention Neither...nor ... When the whole structure is a subject, the predicate verb in the sentence is usually the same as the subject of the neighboring:

Neither the students nor I am ready yet. The students and I are not ready yet.

He worked neither for fame nor for money. He does his job in both name and profit.

The girl could neither speak nor write the language. The girl could neither speak nor write that language.

9. So (therefore), the guide represents the knot clause, the reason clause in front. (for the opposite)

It ' s getting dark, so I must be going. It's getting dark, so I have to go.

I had a headache, so I went to the bed early last night. I had a headache, so I went to bed early last night.

. Yet (however), sometimes in conjunction with and, expresses surprise, and represents a twist, equivalent to the same time, however, nevertheless:

She is vain and foolish, and yet people. She is vain and foolish, yet people like her.

She ' s A Funny girl, yet you can ' t help liking her. She is a crazy girl, but you can't help liking her.

He worked hard, yet he failed. He tried very hard, but he failed.

It ' s strange, yet it's true. It's a strange thing, but it's true.

He ' s a wealthy, yet honest, businessman. He is a wealthy and honest businessman.

It's only a little shop and yet it's always have such lovely decorations. It's just a small shop, but it always has beautiful decorations.

You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year. You can draw a nice horse in five minutes, but you keep me waiting for a year.

Second, subordinate conjunctions

A subordinate conjunction is used to guide a clause.

1. Conjunctions that, if, whether, connecting pronouns what, which, who, whom, whose and how to connect adverbs, when, why, where can be used to guide the noun clauses, as the subject, predicative, object and so on. The object clause in informal style often omits that:

I think (that) he'll be back in an hour. I think he'll be back in an hour.

Who they is doesn ' t matter much. It doesn't matter who they are.

Can you tell me where he is? Can you tell me where he is?

He asked me If/whether I knew John. He asked me if I knew John.

In addition, that is, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where and so on can also guide attributive clauses.

2. Conjunctions when, while, before, after, Till/until, since, as soon as, and other guiding time adverbial clauses:

She said hello to me when she saw me. When she saw me, she greeted me.

I'll wait here for until come back. I'll be right here waiting for you to come back.

3. Conjunctions if, unless guiding conditions adverbial clauses, because, as, since guiding reason adverbial clauses:

I ' ll help her if she asks me. If she asks me, I will help her.

I won ' t help her unless she asks me to. I won't help her unless she asks me to.

He didn ' t come because he was ill. He didn't come because he was ill.

As he hasn ' t appeared yet, we shall start without him. Since he hasn't showed up yet, let's start with the first.

Since Everybody is here, let's begin. Since everyone is here, let's start.

4. Conjunctions in order than, so, to guide the adverbial clauses of purpose; so...that. The adverbial clause of the guide result:

I locked the door in order so we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=i locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) I locked the door so that we could continue the discussion without being disturbed.

The car ran so fast that I couldn ' t see who is in it. The car ran so fast that I couldn't see who was sitting in it.

5. Conjunctions than, as...as ..., not as/so...as ... Used to guide comparative adverbial clauses:

He is better educated than He brother. He is better educated than his brother.

He's as well educated as his brother. He is as good as his brother's education.

He is not a as/so well educated as his brother. He is not well educated by his brother.

6. Conjunctions Although, though guide concession adverbial clauses, where, wherever guide place adverbial clauses:

I ' ll go wherever you go. Wherever you go, I'll go there.

Stay where you are! Don't move!

Though/although She is rich, she's not happy. Although she is rich, she is not happy.

In general, conjunctions of the nature of the connection word to connect two clauses or guide a clause, two clauses or a master-slave compound sentence with a comma connection.

Sub-speech junction words

The conjunctions of the adverb nature cannot be concatenated with commas as clauses or between master and slave compound sentences. In other words, they cannot connect two clauses or a guide clause. They guide the sentences with a semicolon or a period between the preceding sentences, and they often use commas between them and the guided sentences. The conjunctions of adverbs are often used in writing, and are mainly divided into the following categories:

1. Indicates the order, such as first, the first place, then, finally, the end, and so on. Pay particular attention to then. Such as:

Error: He graduated from college in 2003and then he found a job.

Positive: He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.

He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

2. Indicates the progressive relationship, such as in addition, what are more, furthermore, moreover, etc. Note the difference between the in addition and in addition to: the In addition is an adverb character, whereas in the addition to is a preposition, the object must be followed.

3. Represents a transition relationship, such as however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, and so on. Be careful not to treat however as a conjunction:

Error: In 2003, the States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction ( WMD), however, no WMD have been found in Iraq so far.

Positive: In 2003, the "states launched the War on Iraq" on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (     WMD). However, no WMD have been found in Iraq so far.

In 2003, the "states launched the War on Iraq" on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WM D). No WMD, however, have been found in Iraq so far.

4. Indicates results, such as therefore, consequently, thus, hence, as a result, etc. Especially pay attention to therefore, thus and so on are not conjunctions and hence usage. Such as:

I am busy today, so can you come tomorrow?

I ' ve never been to Spain. Therefore, I don ' t know much about it.

The town is built on the side of the hill, hence the name Hillside.

5. Examples, such as for example, for instance, take...for example, and so on. Note that for example, the for instance is an adverb character, for example, the front end should be preceded by a period; take...for example itself is a sentence structure.

He has been very helpful to me. For example, he would offer to lend me money whenever I am in need.

6. Expressing conditions, meaning "otherwise", such as or, otherwise, etc., note that they are not conjunctions.

Put down your arms and put up your hands. Or/otherwise I'll shoot you. Put your arms down, hands up, or I'll shoot.

Of course, or sometimes represents a choice (equivalent to either...or ... omitted either):

Put down your arms, or get killed. Either lay down the weapon or die.

English Grammar final Collector's note-23 connection words