File Management Commands

File Management commands:
1. cat option file name
-N Displays the number of file lines
-e Display file special characters (for example: line terminator $)

[[email protected] var]# cat 11LSSSOO99999FKLJLKJL hhljljlkhlkjl;lhlkjlkl[[email protected] var]# cat-n 1 lsssoo99 999f 2 Kljlkjl 3 HHLJLJL 4 khlkjl;l 5 HLKJLKL [[email protected] var]# cat-e 11LSSSOO99999F$KLJ LKJL $HHLJLJL $khlkjl;l$hlkjlkl$

2, more filename split screen display file content (to the end of the file will automatically exit)
Its shortcut key: ctrl+d down half screen
Enter a line down
SPACEBAR to turn down one screen
b go up and flip a screen
3, less file name split screen display file content (to the end of the file does not automatically exit)
Its shortcut key: ctrl+d down half screen
Ctrl+u turn up half screen
Enter a line down
K Up Line
SPACEBAR to turn down one screen
b go up and flip a screen
#G Jump to # line
/keywords? Key words
N Next
N Previous

4. Tail option file name to see how many lines are at the tail of a file
-# show file Last # line, not with line number default display 10 rows
-F Monitors whether a file has new content, primarily for logs (ending with. log) view

5, echo "CCC" >> documents to add CCC to the file

View the last two lines:

[Email protected] var]# Tail-2 11KHLKJL;LHLKJLKL

The contents of the listening file 11 are modified:

Turn on monitoring

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Adding content to file 11 in another pseudo terminal

[[email protected] var]# echo "Khlkhouoi 123214" >> 11[[email protected] var]#

Monitoring results

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6, head    options     file name        See how many lines the header of a file
                 -#                  Show file Header # line, not with line number default display 10 lines

[[email protected] var]# head -3  11uuhgfgfugyulsssoo99999f[[email protected] var]# cat -n 11      1 uu     2 hgfgfugyu     3       4 hhkljhl      5 khij lkjl '       6 khll     7      8       9 lsssoo99999f    10 kljlkjl     11  hhljljl    12 khlkjl;l    13 hlkjlkl     14 aadfsdf    15 khlkhouoi 123214///defaults to 10 rows [[email protected]  var]# head 11uuhgfgfugyuhhkljhl khij lkjl ' Khlllsssoo99999fkljlkjl 

7. Delete Files: RM format: RM option file name
-F Force Delete (Force: mandatory)
-R Recursive Delete file, can delete directory
-I display prompt (default)

Force Delete command:

[[email protected] var]# LS11 cc dd EE lleoaoi88789afa[[email protected] var]# RM 11rm:remove regular file ' 11 '? Y[[email protected] var]# rm-f cc[[email protected] var]# LSDD ee Lleoaoi88789afa

Recursive Delete command (the directory MML contains the file ss):

[Email protected] var]# LSDD ee lleoaoi88789afa mml[[email protected] var]# rm-r mmlrm:descend into directory ' MML '? Yrm:remove regular file ' Mml/ss '? Yrm:remove directory ' MML '? Y[[email protected] var]# LSDD ee Lleoaoi88789afa

-I is the default value and can be viewed through the type command:

[[Email protected] var]# type RMRM is aliased to ' rm-i '

8. Copy files: CP format: CP option source files (files, directories) target files (files, directories)
(1, the source file is a file, if the target file does not exist to create a file, its content is the same as the source file, if the target file is overwritten 2, the source file is a file, if the target file is a directory (must exist), the contents of the source file is placed in the directory 3, the source file is a directory, You must use the option to copy the directory to the target directory)
CP option source files (files, directories) target files (files, directories)
-r copy directory, recursive replication is implemented
-d Copy the destination file to the soft connect file itself, not its pointing to the file
-A =-r+-d
-I hints whether to overwrite
-F Mandatory (not recommended)

Recursive replication:

[Email protected] ss]# mkdir mml/ee/cc[[email protected] ss]# cp-r mml/ee/cp:overwrite ' ee/mml/cc '? Y[[email protected] ss]# CD Ee/[[email protected] ee]# LSMML

The source file is a file and the destination file does not exist:

[[email protected] var]# lsdd  ee  lleoaoi88789afa  mml   ss[[email protected] var]# cp dd cc[[email protected] var]# lscc   dd  ee  lleoaoi88789afa  mml  ss[[email protected]  var]# cat dd  420  cat -n bb  421  head  -10 history >> cc  422  history |head -10   423  history |head -10 >> dd  424  ls  425   cat dd  426  cat -n dd  427  cat -n  aa  428  cat -n bb  429  history |tail -10  >dd[[email protected] var]# cat cc  420  cat -n bb   421  head -10 history >> cc  422  history |head -10   423  history |head -10 >> dd  424  ls   425  cat dd  426  cat -n dd  427  cat  -n aa  428  cat -n bb  429  history |tail  -10 >dd

The source file is a file and the destination file exists:

[[email protected] var]# cat EE ls:cannot access ff:no such file or Directory[[email protected] var]# cp ee CCCP:OVERWR Ite ' CC '? Y[[email protected] var]# cat Ccls:cannot access ff:no such file or directory

The source file is a file and the destination file is a directory:

[[Email protected] var]# CD Ss[[email protected] ss]# Lsmml[[email protected] ss]# CD. [[email protected] var]# CP cc Ss[[email protected] var]# CD Ss[[email protected] ss]# LSCC MML

The source file is a directory and the destination file is a directory:

[[email protected] var]# mkdir mml ss[[email  protected] var]# lsdd  ee  lleoaoi88789afa  mml  ss[[ email protected] var]# cd mml[[email protected] mml]# ls[[email  Protected] mml]# vim cc[[email protected] mml]# lscc[[email protected]  MML]# CD&NBSP, .... [[EMAIL PROTECTED] VAR]# CP -R MML SS[[EMAIL PROTECTED] VAR]# CD  ss[[email protected] ss]# lsmml[[email protected] ss]# cd mml[[email  PROTECTED] MML]# LSCC 

9, move file:mv    format:mv    options     source file    destination file
                                                     -i        Display Prompt
                                                   -f         force move (not recommended)

[[Email protected] var]# mv cc mml/[[email protected] var]# ls mml/cc[[email protected] var]# type MVMV is aliased to ' MV -I. '

10. Linux redirection (input and output) and pipelines
Output: Standard output (correct output) usually marked with 1
Error output is usually marked with 2
Input: Standard input 0
Redirect: Change the input and output display form
Output >> Append form, display the output to the following file or directory
The form of > Coverage
The above is the default standard output: 1 >> If you want to redirect the error, use: 2 >>
Input << exit input when the following is entered, display content
Pipeline: | The output of one command as input to the next command
Form Command 1| Command 2| Command 3 command 1 is required by command 2, command 2 is required by command 3, command 3 is what we need

Eg: The first 10 lines of the output history [[email protected] var]# history |head -10    1   vim /etc/selinux/config     2  iptables -L     3  service iptables stop    4  vim / etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0     5  service network  restart    6  ifconfig    7  init 0     8  ls    9  type   10  ls  type redirect the first 10 rows of the history to the new file DD (not overwritten) [[email protected] var]# history |head -10  >> dd[[email protected] var]# ls11  aa  bb  cc   dd  lleoaoi88789afa  llowe2345llda[[email protected] var]# cat  dd    1  vim /etc/selinux/config     2  iptables -l     3  service iptables stop    4  vim /etc/sysconfig /network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0     5  service network restart     6  ifconfig    7  init 0     8  ls    9  type   10  ls  Type re-directs the history after 10 rows to DD, (overwrite) [[email protected] var]# history |tail -10 >dd[[ email protected] var]# cat dd  420  cat -n bb  421   head -10 history >> cc  422  history |head  -10  423  history |head -10 >> dd  424   ls  425  cat dd  426  cat -n dd  427  cat -n aa   428  cat -n bb  429  history |tail -10 >dd## The contents of the DD file have been changed # #将错误的内容输出 [[EMAIL PROTECTED] VAR]# LS FFLS: CANNOT ACCESS FF:  no such file or directory[[email protected] var]# ls ff 2 >> ee[[email protected] var]# cat eels: cannot access ff:  no such file or directory# #ff文件不存在, so ls ff will error, want to put this wrong information display file EE ##        TR: Format conversion, conversion is a form of     eg:echo ddd2bb tr   "2"    "S"      display: Dddsbbeg: Converts the numbers in the above file DD to a[[email protected] var]#  cat dd | tr  "0-9"   "a"   aaa  cat -n bb  aaa   head -aa history >> cc  aaa  history |head -aa  aaa   History |head -aa >> dd  aaa  ls  aaa  cat  dd  aaa  cat -n dd  aaa  cat -n aa   aaa  cat -n bb  aaa  history |tail -aa >dd

File Management Commands