Hard disk partitioning and mounting

First, partition creation:

To view disk partitions:

#fdisk-l [DEVICE] ...

Do not specify device files, default to all hard disk devices;

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/6E/F1/wKioL1WMycHgVyGPAAFCp65SHsI702.jpg "title=" 1.jpg " alt= "Wkiol1wmychgvygpaafcp65shsi702.jpg"/>

To create a partition:

#fdisk [DEVICE]

Interactive interface, with many subcommands:

-CU: The sector is the display unit, the default is the cylinder surface;

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/6E/F5/wKiom1WMyFew4SFGAAH5oiDb2Ok595.jpg "title=" 2.jpg " alt= "Wkiom1wmyfew4sfgaah5oidb2ok595.jpg"/>

Disk Management Example:

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/6E/F5/wKiom1WMyGuhP7gCAAMGSkNBeVw327.jpg "title=" 3.jpg " alt= "Wkiom1wmyguhp7gcaamgsknbevw327.jpg"/>

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/6E/F1/wKioL1WMyjfDfXvDAAPXS3AXsAE485.jpg "title=" 4.jpg " alt= "Wkiol1wmyjfdfxvdaapxs3axsae485.jpg"/>

For disks that already have partitions in use, you need to have the kernel reread its partitioned table after you create a new partition:

CentOS 5:

#partprobe [DEVICE]

CentOS 6:

#partx-A [device] #kpartx-AF [device]

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/6E/F5/wKiom1WMyN6i7HF6AABvMOvLiSc354.jpg "title=" 5.jpg " alt= "Wkiom1wmyn6i7hf6aabvmovlisc354.jpg"/>

Second, create the file system:

1 , MKFS ( Make file System ):

#mkfs-T Fstype[device]

-T Fstype: Specifying the file system type

#mkfs-T fstype = #mkfs. Fstype, namely Mkfs-t ext4= MKFS.EXT4;

Note: Centos

The Linux kernel is modular, which supports dynamic loading and unloading , and file systems can be packaged directly into the kernel or compiled into kernel modules;

If you expect a partition to be formatted as a particular file system, you typically need a command-line tool that corresponds to it in the user space to implement:

#yum-y Install Xfsprogs

Add: Windows not recognized Linux the file system

U -Disk File system FAT32

#mkfs-T VFAT

2 , MKE2FS :

#mke2fs

-T{EXT2|EXT3|EXT4}: Specify File system

-b{1024|2048|4096}: Specify block size

-L LABEL: marking

-j: equivalent to-t ext3

-I #: each number of bytes to create an inode, this number of bytes should not be less small block size

-N #: Specify the number of available inode directly ;

-M #: Specifies the percentage of space reserved for the entire partition; default is 5;

-O: Specify partition Attributes

Example:/dev/sdb1 creates a ext4 file system with a block size of 1024kand marked as chencer;

650) this.width=650; "src=" Http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/6E/F1/wKioL1WMy8fhHTGIAAHbgGvOwcY133.jpg "title=" 5.5. JPG "alt=" wkiol1wmy8fhhtgiaahbggvowcy133.jpg "/>

3 , modify partition properties:

#tune2fs

-j:ext2-->ext3

-L LABEL: Modify the volume label;

-M #: Modify the percentage of reserved space;

-o[^]feature: Enable the specified attribute, plus ^ for the feature toturn off this feature;

-o[^]mount-options: Turns the specified mount option on or off;

Note: block size cannot be adjusted;

4 , view information:

to view information for a specified block device:

#blkid DEVICE

To view or set a volume label:

E2labeldevice [LABEL]

5 , repair file system:

the file system should be repaired when the import write operation abnormally aborts due to an unexpected process abort or a system crash;

Note: Offline repair,umount;

#fsck

-T fstype;

-A: auto fix error;

-r: interactive fix error;

#e2fsck

dedicated to modify the Ext series file system;

-Y: answer the question automatically Yes;

-F: mandatory detection;

Third, file system mount:

By default, only the administrator has permission, the additional partition and the root file system on a directory to establish an association relationship process, the directory of the original file will be hidden;

1.Mount:

#mount [option] ... [-T Fstype] [-o option] DEVICE Mount_point

mount point : access entry for another file system

1, pre-existing;

2, the use of free directory;

fixed mount point:/mnt,/media

Common Mount options:

-tfstype: Specifying the file system type

-r:readonly, read-only Mount

-w:read and Write, read- write Mount

-llabel: Specify the device as a label, mount-l MYDATA mount point

-uuuid: Specify device as UUID, Mount Uuid= ' uuid ' mount point , mount-u uuid mount point

-A: automatically mounts all supported auto-mount devices ( as defined in the/etc/fstab file )

-N: The/etc/mtab file is not updated when mounted

-ooption:

Async: Asynchronous I/O, Data writes are completed before memory, and then synchronized to a persistent device based on a policy

Sync: Synchronous I/O,

Atime/noatime: updates the last access timestamp when files and directories are accessed

Auto/noauto: Whether the device supports Mount -a option to mount automatically

Diratime/nodiratime: The last access timestamp is updated when the directory is accessed

Dev/nodev: whether to support the use of devices on this device;

Exec/noexec: Whether binary program files on this device are allowed to execute

Suid/nosuid: whether to support the use of suid on files on this device

Remount: Re -mount, typically used to reassign mount options without unloading

RO: read-only

RW: Read and write

User/nouser: whether to allow normal mount of this file device

ACL: This device is supported by using Facl, which is not supported by default;

2. View all devices that have been mounted:

#mount #cat/proc/mounts#cat/etc/mtab

3. Uninstall:

The mount point can be unloaded without being accessed by the process;

#umount Device#umount Mount_point

See which processes are accessing the mounted device:

#fuser-V Mount_point

to abort a process that is in this mount point:

#fuser-km Mount_point

Iv. Swap partitions:

Swap: to alleviate the lack of physical memory resources;

To view usage information for memory and swap partitions:

#free

Example of creating a swap partition:

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/6E/F5/wKiom1WMzSqDpsY9AAIzGv5WlI4043.jpg "title=" 6.jpg " alt= "Wkiom1wmzsqdpsy9aaizgv5wli4043.jpg"/>

Mkswap [-l LABEL] DEVICE

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/6E/F5/wKiom1WMzZKhn_Z8AAFWmD9zqBI880.jpg "title=" 7.jpg " alt= "Wkiom1wmzzkhn_z8aafwmd9zqbi880.jpg"/>

To enable a swap partition device:

Swapon[device]

-a:all, enable all swap partitions;

-p#: Specifies the priority of this switching device;

To disable a swap partition device:

Swapoff[device]

-A: disable all;

Five, automatic mount device configuration file:

#/etc/fstab

650) this.width=650; "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/6E/F5/wKiom1WMzjWTKYgKAAHAn1e4kZ0444.jpg "title=" 8.jpg " alt= "Wkiom1wmzjwtkygkaahan1e4kz0444.jpg"/>

per line 6 fields:

1. Mounted Equipment:

Device Files

LABEL

Uuid

2, mount point:

3. File system Type

4. Mount option:

mount options can have multiple, separated from each other using commas;

5. Dump Frequency:

0: never Dump

1: Daily dumps

2: every other day

6. Self-Test order:

0: No self-test, additional file system created without automatic self-test

1: First self-test, usually only the root file system needs to self-test first

2: Secondary self-test, different devices can use the same self-test order

3

...

This article is from the "Pony Learning Record" blog, make sure to keep this source http://masachencer.blog.51cto.com/8683770/1665870

Hard disk partitioning and mounting