Indoor pollution sources

Chapter 1 indoor pollution sources
Section 1 Building and decoration materials
I. Classification of indoor pollution sources
1 Chemical Pollution Source
# Volatile organic compounds: hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOC) have been detected in formaldehyde, benzene, and indoors, while building materials
There are 74 VOC components (including coatings and fillers) and daily-use chemicals.
$ Inorganic compounds: NH 3, CO, CO2, O3, NOx, etc. from combustion products, chemicals, and man-made emissions. 2 Physical Pollution Sources
# Foundation, well water, building materials, bricks, concrete, cement --- radioactive Rn and its daughter.
$ Noise and vibration.
% Household appliances and lighting devices --- electromagnetic pollution.
3 biological pollution sources
The walls of garbage and wet mold generate bacteria, fungi spore pollen, and algae respiration to emit CO2.
Artificial activity, cooking, smoking, pets, metabolic products (dandruff hair, mouth and nose secretions, excrement ).
There are two types of characters.
(1) dust of Suspended Solid pollutants, dust that can be inhaled, microbial cells (bacteria, viruses, mold, Dust
), Plant pollen, smoke.
2) gas pollutants, such as SO2, NOx, O3, NH 3, VOC (formaldehyde and benzene series),, and radiation.
According to the reasons for the formation of pollutants and different channels for entering the room, indoor pollutants mainly come from two aspects: 1.
It is caused by indoor pollution. Second, it is affected by outdoor pollution (that is, the residence near the factory or traffic exit ).
People are affected by external factories and traffic pollution)

2. pollution caused by indoor building materials and decoration materials
In recent years, with the rise of hot decoration and the improvement of living standards, residences have gone from simple to an aesthetic perspective.
Residential buildings require comfort and beauty, but they do not know how to perform unreasonable decoration and do not recognize all kinds of stone, paint, plate
Materials and other quality will be used in a large amount, it will bring problems while the decoration, will introduce pollution to the home.
Some improper actions, such as Ceiling mounting, ceiling mounting, and wall embedding around the house, reduce indoor space.
Areas of Inter-person activity, and some are flammable, there is a hidden danger of insecurity. Smooth wall reflection effect
Strong, various sounds interfere with each other to form noise, ultrasonic and low-frequency noise, nonstandard decoration destroyed the building
The overall framework will undoubtedly shorten the life of the building.
The release of formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, oxygen, and volatile organic compounds among other pollutants in unqualified building materials. Beijing
The chemical and toxic property appraisal center reported that building materials in Beijing caused many indoor pollution incidents each year, resulting in over people suffering from viruses,
Therefore, indoor pollution caused by decoration has attracted people's attention and cannot be ignored.
1) building materials and decorative materials
Building materials are the general term of various materials and their products used in construction projects. It is a thing of all construction projects.
Quality base. There are a wide variety of building materials, such as steel, aluminum, copper; non-metallic materials such as gravel,
Tile, ceramic products, lime, cement, concrete products, glass, Mineral Cotton; plant materials such as wood and bamboo;
Synthetic polymer materials, such as plastics, coatings, and adhesives. There are also many composite materials.
Decorative materials refer to the materials used for building surface (walls, cylinders, floors, ceilings, etc.) decorative effect,
It is also called the finish material. Generally, after the main construction project (Structural Engineering and pipeline installation) is completed
The materials used in the row decoration stage. There are many decorative materials, such as floor tiles, floor leather, carpets, wallpapers,
Blanket. With the development of the construction industry and the improvement of people's aesthetics, various new building materials and decorative materials are not
The emergence of disconnections. People's living environment is a tiny environment surrounded by building materials and decorative materials separated from the external environment,
Some components in these materials have a great impact on the indoor quality. For example, some stones and bricks contain a high background.
The leasma, leasma, can be transformed into a very radioactive, sensitive, can cause lung cancer. Many organic synthetic materials can be released to indoor air
Store many volatile organic compounds. For example, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethereates, esters, and so on may cause indoor air pollution.
More than 500 organic chemicals were detected in the indoor air, of which more than 20 were carcinogenic or mutating. These
The concentration of substances is sometimes not very high, but under their long-term comprehensive effect, can make the residence in these volatile
In buildings of the air-conditioning system, such adverse reactions are more likely to occur because indoor pollutants are not cleared in time.
Response and disease. The following describes the impact of several common building materials and decorative materials on air quality in the indoor environment, and
Health hazards.
1. Inorganic and regenerative materials
Radiation is a serious problem for inorganic building materials and recycled building materials. Some building materials
Contains radiation that exceeds national standards. Due to the different locations of materials, the radioactive nature of various building materials is not
. The survey shows that the radiation of most building materials in China is basically in line with the standard, but some ash bricks are also found
High performance. Some materials, such as stone, brick, cement, and concrete, contain the high degree of radium.
Indoor air pollution is caused by wall and window seams entering the room.
Building materials vary greatly from region to region. Generally, granite, shale, and floating rock building materials are highly radioactive, followed by sand, cement, and concrete, while lime and marble are lower than gypsum, bricks made from industrial waste residue are subject to radioactive pollution.
The radioactive properties of the pulverized coal Brick and the phosphorus gypsum board are enhanced.
Foam asbestos is a kind of material used for building thermal insulation, heat insulation, sound absorption and shockproof. It is made of asbestos fiber.
Made from raw materials. Asbestos fibers are dispersed into the air when asbestos materials in buildings are installed, maintained, and removed.
As people breathe into the body, the health of the residents is seriously affected.

Household Appliances
Since the end of 1970s, household appliances began to enter the home, TV, telephone, air conditioning, water heater, and electric ice
Boxes, washing machines, microwave ovens, computers, recorders, and so on have become indispensable for every household.
The family brings convenience, speed, and fun, but it also has a negative impact on the indoor environment.
Electrical syndrome.
(1) electromagnetic radiation is produced by television sets and microcomputer fluorescent screens. After a long period of time, the visual acuity can be reduced and the retina can be photosensitive.
Function disorder, dry eyes, optic nerve fatigue, headache, and insomnia.
The screen surface and the surrounding air generate static electricity due to the presence of electron beam, so that dust and bacteria gather and attach to the human skin
Skin Surface causes disease.
The fluorescent screens of television sets and computers can generate a toxic gas, called dibenzfuran bromide, at high temperatures.
These gases are carcinogenic.
(2) electric cookers, ovens, microwave ovens, and other cooking appliances are all sources of strong radiation, which can make TV screen images dry
Interference, some microwave ovens are not tightly closed, and microwave leaks may cause damage to the human body, and the closer the microwave oven is, the more micro
The higher the wave intensity, the greater the harm. Microwave damage to people mainly manifested in neurasthenia syndrome, dizziness, head
Pain, fatigue, and memory loss.

The harm of microwave to human body the harm of microwave to human body is mainly caused by eye cataract and corneal damage.
Because microwave irradiation can cause eye thermal effect, increasing intraocular temperature is a necessary condition for eye cataract caused by microwave radiation. When
Microwave to keep the eye temperature rising, and the speed is fast, and continuous repetition, to protect the transparency of the lens
Vitamins C and Glutathione are reduced by heating, leading to cataract. Microwave can accelerate the aging of the lens.
One cause of cataract.
The chronic effect of environmental electromagnetic waves on people is mainly due to neurasthenia syndrome. Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, fatigue,
Memory loss and insomnia, multi-dream, irritability and other symptoms. In addition, there are also menstrual disorders, individual sexual functions
Symptom.
The impact on Blood imaging is mild decrease in white blood cells, but increase in white blood cells at the initial stage. Microwave
The affected people also often suffer from a drop-down list.

Secondary sound waves are generated when the washing machine is in use, that is, sound waves of <20Hz, with strong penetration ability. When secondary waves
The frequency of oscillation is similar to that of the human brain and the cardiac rhythm, which causes resonance.
Faint.

The air conditioner can adjust the indoor temperature, humidity, and air flow, but the doors and windows are closed during use.
Few or no fresh air volume is introduced, so pollution and pathogenic microorganisms caused by personnel activities and interior decoration
And so on, and gradually gather in the room, resulting in pollution, to make people feel bored, fatigue, lethargy, muscle
Pain, high incidence of colds, low work efficiency, and significant decline in health.

Gas Water heaters may cause indoor CO and CO2 pollution, and may also cause NOx and SO2 pollution during combustion.
Improper installation and poor quality of water heaters can cause serious indoor pollution and death. Therefore, we need to buy quality
Gas-fired water heaters are installed outside the bathroom to maintain moderate indoor air circulation.

The bacterial pollution of telephones can directly infringe on the human's respiratory system, and the bacteria in the humidifier can be dispersed with moisture
The cooling water in the indoor air and air-conditioning systems is hidden in the air. Bacteria in the washing machine can be contaminated
Therefore, the dust and microorganisms in household appliances should be cleared regularly, especially in areas where bacteria are prone to growth.