ls command (contains wildcard characters) note

Tagged with: ls wildcard

Command function

Usage

Parameters

Other extensions

Practice

Command function

LS: Lists all subdirectories and files in the target directory.

Usage

ls [options] [directory name]

Parameters

-a,–all Lists all files under the directory, including the. The implied file at the beginning

-a  with-A, but does not list "." (represents the current directory) and ".." (Represents the parent directory of the current directory). -c   mate  -lt: Based on  ctime  sorting and display  ctime  (time of last change of file status) Mate  -l: Display  ctime  But sort by name otherwise: According to  ctime  sort-c  Each column is listed from top to bottom –color[=when]  controls whether to use color-resolved files. when  can be ' never ', ' always ' or ' auto ' one of them-d, –directory  displays the directory as if it were a file, rather than displaying the file under it. -d, –dired  results for  Emacs   dired  mode use-f  the output file is not sorted,-au  the option takes effect,-LST The   option fails-g  similar to  -l, but the owner-g, –no-group  does not list any information about the group-h, –human-readable  List file sizes in an easy-to-understand format   (for example,  1k 234m 2g) –si  similar to  -h, but the size of the file takes  1000  the second side instead of  1024-h , –dereference-command-line  Use the symbolic link in the command column to indicate the true destination –indicator-style= way   Specify that the indicator is added after each project name < way > :none  (default),classify  (-F),file-type  (-p)-i, –inode  print out the  inode  number of each file-i, – Ignore= style   Do not print any items that conform to  shell  character < style >-k  that is  –block-size=1k, to  k  The size of the file is represented as a byte. -l  In addition to the file name, the permissions, owner, fileSize and other information are listed in detail. -l, –dereference  when displaying the file information for a symbolic link, the information indicated by the symbolic link is displayed instead of the symbolic link itself-m  all items are separated by commas and fill the entire row width-o  like  -l. Displays details of the file in addition to the group information.    -r, –reverse  in reverse order-r, –recursive  lists all subdirectory tiers at the same time-s, –size  List the size of all files in block size-s  Sort by file size –sort=word  The following are the optional  WORD  and the corresponding options they represent:extension -x  status -cnone -u time -tsize -s atime -utime -t access - uversion -v use -u-t  Sorting by file modification time-u  mate  -lt: Show access time and sort mate  -l by access time: Show access time but sort by name otherwise: Sort by access time-u  not sorted; Lists items-v  according to the original order of the file system-w, –width=cols  Specify the screen width yourself instead of using the current value-x  list items line by row instead of columns-x  sort by extension -1  only one file per line –help  show this help and leave –version  Show version information and leave

Other extensions

Wildcard: A wildcard is a special statement used to blur a search file.

* Match 0 or more characters? match any single character ~ Current user home directory ~username user home directory ~+ current working directory ~-previous working directory [WXC] matches any of the characters in the list [^WXC] matches all characters in the list predefined character classes: #man 7 glob[:d Igit:]: Any number, equivalent to 0-9[:lower:]: Any lowercase letter [: Upper:]: Any capital letter [: Alpha:]: Any uppercase and lowercase letter [: alnum:]: Any number or letter [: space:]: space [:p UNCT :]: Punctuation

Practice

• Show only hidden files for the specified directory

ls-d. *

• Displays only directories under the specified directory (without looking at the file)

ls-d * *

• Displays all files or directories that start with l , end with a lowercase letter, and have at least one digit in the middle of the/ var directory

[Email protected] var]# ls-dl*[[:d igit:]][[:lower:]]l111s[[email protected] var]#

• Displays a file or directory that starts with any digit in the/ etc directory and ends in a non-numeric number

[[email protected] etc]# ls-d [[:d igit:]]*[^[:d igit:]]1da 1.ddd[[email protected] etc]#

• Displays a file or directory that starts with a non-letter in the /etc/ directory followed by a letter and any other character of any length

[Email protected] etc]# ls-d[^[:alpha:]]*[[:alpha:]]1da 1.ddd 1www[[email protected] etc]#

• Displays all files or directories in the/ etc directory that begin with a non-numeric end of m

[Email protected] etc]# ls-d m*[^[:d igit:]]magic makedev.d mime.types motd my.cnfmailcap man.config mke2fs . conf mtabmail.rc maven MODPROBE.D mtools.conf

• Displays all files or directories ending with . D in the/ etc Directory

[[email protected] etc]# ls -d *.dbash_completion.d  modprobe.d       rc.dchkconfig.d        oddjobd.conf.d   reader.conf.dcron.d             pam.d            request-key.ddepmod.d            popt.d           rsyslog.ddnsmasq.d          prelink.conf.d   rwtab.ddracut.conf.d      profile.d        sane.dggz.modules.d      rc0.d            setuptool.dinit.d              rc1.d           statetab.dlatrace.d           rc2.d           sudoers.dld.so.conf.d        rc3.d           sysctl.dlogrotate.d        rc4.d            xinetd.dlsb-release.d      rc5.d            yum.repos.dmakedev.d           rc6.d

• Displays files or directories with the . conf ending with the/ etc directory and beginning with m,n,r,p

[Email protected] etc]# ls-d [m,p,r,p]*.confmke2fs.conf readahead.confmtools.conf re                  ader.confpbm2ppa.conf request-key.confpm-utils-hd-apm-restore.conf resolv.confpnm2ppa.conf Rsyslog.confprelink.conf

ls command (contains wildcard characters) note