Near-Field Communication Technology (1)

NFC Definition Near-Field Communication ( English:Near Field Communication , NFC ), Also known Short-range wireless communication It is a short-distance high-frequency wireless communication technology that allows electronic devices to transmit non-contact point-to-point data and exchange data within 10 centimeters (3.9 inches. This technology evolved from contact-free radio frequency identification (RFID, which is widely used in public transit systems and campus cards in many regions in China) and was developed by Philips, Nokia, and Sony, it is based on RFID and interconnection technology. Near-Field Communication is a short-range high-frequency radio technology that operates at a MHz frequency within 20 centimeters. The transmission speed is 106 kbit/second, 212 kbit/second, or 424 kbit/second. At present, near-field communication has passed the ISO/IEC is 18092 international standard, EMCA-340 standard and etsi ts 102 190 standard. NFC adopts active and passive read modes. NFC Working Mode

• Card emulation: This mode is actually equivalent to an IC card using RFID technology. It can replace a large number of IC cards (including credit cards) in shopping malls, leisure cards, access control, tickets, tickets, and so on. In this way, there is a great advantage, that is, the card is powered by the RF domain of the non-contact card reader, even if the host device (such as mobile phone) can work without electricity.
• Point-to-point (P2P mode): This mode is similar to the infrared mode and can be used for data exchange. It only has a short transmission distance, fast transmission establishment, and fast transmission, low Power Consumption (similar to Bluetooth ). Link two devices with NFC functions to achieve point-to-point data transmission, such as downloading music, exchanging pictures, or synchronizing device address book. Therefore, through NFC, multiple devices such as digital cameras, PDAs, computers, and mobile phones can exchange information or services.
• Reader/writer mode: Used as a non-contact card reader, for example, reading related information from the electronic tags of posters or exhibition information.

Comparison with Bluetooth

	NFC	Bluetooth	Bluetooth Low Energy
RFID Compatible	ISO 18000-3	Active	Active
Standardization Organization	ISO/IEC	Bluetooth SIG	Bluetooth SIG
Network standards	ISO 13157 etc.	IEEE 802.15.1	IEEE 802.15.1
Network Type	Point-to-Point	WPAN	WPAN
Encryption	Not with RFID	Available	Available
Range	<0.2 m	~ 10 m (class 2)	~ 1 m (Class 3)
Frequency	13.56 MHz	2.4-2.5 GHz	2.4-2.5 GHz
Bit Rate	424 kbit/s	2.1 Mbit/s	~ 1.0 Mbit/s
SetProgram	<0.1 s	<6 s	<1 s
Power Consumption	<15mA (read)	Varies with Class	<15 mA (xmit)

Both NFC and Bluetooth are short-range communication technologies and are integrated into mobile phones. However, NFC does not require complex setup programs. NFC can also simplify Bluetooth connections.

NFC is slightly better than Bluetooth in that the setup program is short, but it cannot reach the speed of Bluetooth Low Energy. When two NFC devices are connected to each other, using NFC to replace manual settings greatly speeds up connection establishment: less than 10 seconds. The maximum data transmission capacity of NFC is 424 kbit/s, which is much smaller than that of Bluetooth V2.1 (2.1 Mbit/s ). Although NFC is less than Bluetooth (less than 20 cm) in transmission speed and distance, it can reduce unnecessary interference accordingly. This makes NFC especially suitable for devices that are intensive and difficult to transmit.

NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID (13.56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-3) facilities. NFC has lower energy requirements, similar to Bluetooth v4.0 low energy protocol. When NFC works on a power-less device (such as a shutdown mobile phone, non-contact smart credit card, or smart poster), NFC consumes more energy than low-energy Bluetooth v4.0.

NFC is easy to use for mobile phones or mobile consumer electronic products. The short-distance communication feature of NFC is its advantage. due to its low power consumption and a single connection with one machine, NFC has a high confidentiality and security, which helps avoid theft during credit card transactions. NFC is not designed to replace other wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, but to complement each other in different occasions and fields.