Program installation and management (1)

Relationship between applications and system commands

File Location

System Command: generally in the/bin and/sbin directories, or for Shell internal commands

Applications: usually in the/usr/bin and/usr/sbin Directories

Main Purpose

System Command: complete basic management of the system, such as IP configuration tools

Application: complete other independent auxiliary tasks, such as web browsers.

Applicable Environment

System Command: Generally, it is only run on the Character operation interface.

Application: based on actual needs, some programs can be run in the graphic interface.

Running format

System commands: generally include command words, command options, and command parameters.

Application: there is usually no fixed execution format

Directory structure of typical applications

File Type	Save directory
Common execution program file	/Usr/bin
Server execution program files and Management Program Files	/Usr/sbin
Application configuration file	/Etc
Log Files	/Var/log
Application documentation	/Usr/share/doc
Application manual page file	/Usr/share/man

Common package encapsulation types

Encapsulation type	Description
Rpm Software Package	The extension is ". rpm"
Deb Software Package	The extension is ". deb"
Source code package	It is a compressed package in the format of ".tar.gz?##.tar.bz2 ". Contains the original code of the program
Software Package with Installer	Install. sh, setup, and other installation programs are provided in the compressed package. Or a single execution file in ". bin" format provides
Green installation-Free Software Package	Provide compiled execution program files in the compressed package You can use the file after unzipping the package.

RPM Package Manager

Proposed by Red Hat and adopted by many Linux distributions

Establishes a unified database file, records changes such as installation and uninstallation of software packages in detail, and automatically analyzes Software Package dependencies.

General naming format:

Bash-3.1-16.1.i386.rpm

Software name version number of releases hardware platform Extension

RPM package management command-rpm

Main functions

1. query RPM software and package file information

2. Install, upgrade, and uninstall the RPM Software Package

3. Maintain RPM database information

Query the RPM software information that has been installed

Format: rpm-q [sub-options] [software name]

Usage: use different sub-options to complete different queries

-Qa: view the list of all RPM software packages installed in the system (the number of installed rpm software is displayed in conjunction with the RPM-qa | wc-l pipeline)

-Qi: view the details of the specified software.

-Ql: queries the Directory and file list installed by the specified software package.

-Qc: only the configuration files installed by the specified software package are displayed.

-Qd: only the document files installed by the specified software package are displayed.

-Qf: check which software package is installed in the specified file or directory.

For example, you can query which RPM software a file or directory belongs.

Format: rpm-qf file or directory name

Query uninstalled RPM package files

Format: rpm-qp [sub-options] RPM package file

Usage: use different sub-options to complete different queries

-Qpi: view the software details in the. rpm package file.

-Qpl: view the Directory and file list contained in the. rpm installation package.

-Qpc: view the list of configuration files contained in the. rpm installation package.

-Qpd: view the file list contained in the. rpm installation package.

Install or upgrade RPM Software

Format: rpm [Option] RPM package file...

Usage: different options apply to different situations

-I: install a new rpm package.

-U: upgrade an rpm software. If it is not installed, install it.

-F: update an rpm software. If it is not installed, discard the installation.

For example, uninstall the specified RPM software.

Format: rpm-e Software name

Auxiliary options

-- Force: forces the installation of the specified rpm package

-- Nodeps: The dependency is ignored when the software is installed, upgraded, or uninstalled.

-H: "#" indicates the installation progress.

-V: displays detailed information during installation.

-- Rebuilddb or -- initdb: rebuilding the RPM Database

-- Imoort: Import Verification Public Key

Resolve Software Package Dependencies

When installing multiple dependent Software

The dependent software package must be installed first.

Multiple. rpm package files are specified for installation at the same time

When multiple software with dependency is uninstalled

Software packages dependent on other programs must be uninstalled first.

Multiple Software names are specified for detaching at the same time.

Ignore dependency

Combined with the "-- nodeps" option, but may cause software exceptions

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