RedHat installation, use, and server application FAQs

1. During installation, will grub (lilo) be written to the boot zone of the LINUX partition or the primary Boot Sector (MBR )?

If you want to write grub (lilo) to MBR directly from the operating system boot menu as soon as the computer is started, if you want to write it to the boot area of LINUX partition, use the boot disk boot. We recommend writing it to MBR, convenience: writing to MBR is not safe. How can this problem be explained? The MBR is modified once every time the Windows 98 is installed. Do you think there is anything unsafe?

2. How to make multiple systems coexist?

If the 98 system is used, Lilo (gurb) can be used to guide the multi-system through OS loader.

3. How can I enable Linux to automatically access the graphic interface or prevent it from accessing the graphic interface after Linux is started?

A. Enter the graphic interface: select the graphic startup mode during installation or change the ID: X: initdefault: of/etc/inittab to ID: 5: initdefault :.

B. Do not enter the graphic interface: select the text startup mode during installation or change the ID: X: initdefault: of/etc/inittab to ID: 3: initdefault :.

4. How can I switch back and forth between the graphic interface and the console (character Interface?

A. graphic interface to the console: CTR + ALT + FN (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ).

B. Switch between consoles: Alt + FN (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ).

C. Console to graphics: Alt + F7 5. How to switch between GNOME and KDE. If you log on to Linux using a graphical logon method, you can select gnome and KDE by clicking the session (task) on the logon interface. If you log on as a text user, run switchdesk gnome or switchdesk KDE and then startx to enter gnome or KDE.

6. What are common RedHat Linux commands?

<1> ls: column directory. Usage: ls or ls dirname. Parameter:-A displays all files.-l details the list of files. <2> mkdir: create a directory. Usage: mkdir dirname. The parameter is-P to create a multi-level directory, for example, mkdir A/B/C/D/E/F-P <3> mount: mount a partition or image file (. ISO ,. IMG) file. Usage:. disk Partition: Mount devicename mountpoint-O options. devicename indicates the device name of the disk partition, for example,/dev/hda1,/dev/CDROM,/dev/fd0, and mountpoint indicates the mount point, it is a directory, and options is a parameter. If the partition is a LINUX partition, you generally do not need-O options. If it is a Windows partition, options can be iocharset = cp936, in this way, the Chinese file name in the Windows partition can be displayed. Use Cases: for example, if/dev/hda5 is a LINUX partition, I want to mount it to directory A (if there is no directory A, then mkdir a first), Mount/dev/hda5, in this way, the things in directory A are the things in the hda5 partition. For example, if hda1 is a Windows partition, it should be mounted to B, and mount/dev/hda1 B-o iocharset = cp936. B. Image File: Mount filename mountpoint-o loop. filename is the image file name (*. ISO, *. IMG). It is the same as above. Example: If I have. iso cd image file, mount. ISO a-o loop, so that you can browse a in directory. ISO content ,*. the usage of imgfiles is the same. <4> Find: Find a file. Usage: Find indir-name filename. indir is the directory in which you want to find the file name. filename is the file name you want to find (wildcards can be used). When Wildcards are used, filename is properly enclosed by single quotation marks, otherwise, an error occurs. Use Case: Find. -Name test *: searches for files starting with test in the current directory. <5> grep: Find the specified string in the file. Usage: grep string filename, which is used to find the string in filename (which can be a wildcard) (it is best to use double quotation marks ). Parameter:-R is found in Filename of all subdirectories. Use Case: grep hello *. c-r searches for hello in all. c files in the current directory (including subdirectories. <5> VI: Editor. Needless to say, if Linux is used, it must be used. Usage: (I can only briefly describe), VI filename. Filename is the text file you want to edit. After executing VI filename, you may find that you cannot edit the text content. Do not worry, because VI has not entered the editing status. Press A or I to enter the editing status, after entering the editing status, you can edit the text. To exit the editing status, Press ESC. The following operations must be performed in a non-editable state. Search Text: Enter/and the text you want to search for and press Enter. Exit: Enter "Q" and press Enter. If you modify the text, use "Q! Enter to exit. Save: Enter W and press Enter. For a read-only file, use W !. Save and exit: Enter "WQ" and press Enter. If it is read-only, enter "WQ! Press enter. Cancel: press u to cancel one step. You can cancel multiple steps. Copy and paste a line of text: move the cursor to any place on the row to be copied, press YY (that is, press y twice), move the cursor to the last line of the place to be pasted, press P. The line of text will be inserted into the next line of the row where the cursor is located. All rows after the row where the cursor is located will automatically move down one line. Copy and paste multiple lines of text: similar to copying a line, but the number of lines to be copied is entered in YY, followed by YY. The subsequent operations are the same. Move the cursor to the specified row: Enter: And the row number, and press Enter. For example, move row 123: 123 and press enter to the end.

7.tar,.tar.gz,.bz2,.tar.bz2,.bz,.gz?

They are all file (Compressed) packages. . Tar: Package the file without compression: Tar CVF *. tar dirname unlocks: Tar xvf *. tar .tar.gz: Package and compress the file: Tar czvf * .tar.gz dirname unzips: Tar xzvf * .tar.gz. bz2: Unlock: Bzip2-D *. bz2. BZ: Unlock: bzip-D *. BZ. GZ: Undo: gzip-D *. GZ

8.linuxhow Can I open a. Zip,. rar compressed file?

There is a graphic interface software file-roeller in rh8 to do this. In addition, unzip *. Zip can be used to unzip the file. unrar *. rar is used to unzip the rarfile. However, unrar is not provided by the system and must be downloaded from the Internet.

9. In Linux, how does one browse the. iso cd image file?

A. create a directory, such as mkdir a B. mount the ISO file to this directory: Mount-o loop XXXX. the content in directory A of iso a is the content in the ISO file.

10. How to access other partitions in Linux?

Including Linux partitions and Windows partitions. Use the mount command. For details, refer to the Mount usage.

11. How do I configure the video card and display in Linux?

12. how to configure the network in Linux?

Use netconfig. "IP Address:" is the IP address to be configured. "netmask:" subnet mask, "Default Gateway (IP):" Gateway, "primary nameserver:" DNS Server IP address. 13. How to Make the mouse support scroll wheel? When configuring the mouse, select Microsoft's mouse, and correctly select ports such as pS2 and USB.

14. What are Internet browsers in Linux?

Mozilla, Netscape, opera, galeon (using the Mozilla engine), and phoniex (using the Mozilla engine ). This is common.

16. What is the system directory structure of Linux?

17. How can I enable the console to support Chinese display?

Install zhcon. Zhcon requires libimm_server.so and libpth. so.13 libraries. Libimm_server.so should be used for common Chinese input methods. Libpth. so.13 from pth-1.3.x. Put the two files under/usr/lib.

18. how to configure grub?

Modify the/boot/GRUB/grub. conf file. Where "default = N" (N is a number) is the default item selected in the grub boot menu, N starts from 0, 0 indicates the first item, and 1 indicates the second item, and so on. "Timeout = x" (X is a number) is the timeout time, and the Unit is wonderful. That is, after the boot menu is displayed, if you do not select within x seconds, grub starts the default item. "Splashimage = xxxxxx", which is the background image of the boot menu. Ignore it first. The following example describes other common items: Title Red Hat 8.0 root (hd1, 6) kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 Ro root =/dev/hdb7 initrd/boot/initrd-2.4.18-14.img where "Red Hat 8.0" is the name root (hdx, Y) displayed in the boot menu list) it is used to specify the location of your boot partition. If you do not divide the boot partition (in this example, there is no partition for boot), you can point to the root partition. hdx is the hard disk of Linux, hd0 is the first hard disk, hd1 is the second disk, and so on. Y is the partition location, starting from 0, that is, it is equal to the partition number minus one. For example, if the partition you want to point to is hdx7, then Y is 6. If it is hdx1, Y is 0. Note that there must be a space behind root. Kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14, where "/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14" is the path to the kernel you want to use, if you have compiled the core, change it to the path of your new kernel. Ro does not need to worry about it. There is no mistake in writing it. Root =/dev/hdxx specifies the root partition. In this example, It is hdb7. Therefore, do not use this line as root =/dev/hdb7 initrd xxxxxxxxxxxxx, at present, I still don't know what it is. The above is Linux, and the following is Windows title Windows 98 rootnoverify (hd0, 0) chainloader + 1 title XXXXXXX. You do not need to explain it here. Rootnoverify (hdx, Y) is used to specify the partition where windows is located. X and Y are the same as above. Note that there are spaces after rootnoverify. Just copy chainloader + 1 and pay attention to spaces.

19. how to configure Lilo?

Modify the/etc/Lilo. conf file and run the Lilo command.

20. How can I enable automatic mounting of partitions after Linux is started?

Edit the/etc/fstab file and add corresponding lines to it. If you are not familiar with the/etc/fstab configuration, you can use PTM, a software that automatically configures fstab, there should be downloads in the community.

21. How to customize the services started at Linux Startup?

Run ntsysv on the console or terminal, and select the service to be started. If you want to enable ntsysv, remove the selected service. 22. How can I fix the grub/lilo boot menu without a soft drive? A. Copy the dosutils directory in the first Linux installation disk to the Windows disk. If it is ISO, you can use winrar3 for extraction. B. Enter pure dos, enter the dosutils directory, and execute loadlin autoboot/vmlinuz root =/dev/hdxx () hdxx as your Linux Root partition. In this way, you can enter Linux. C. Run grub-install/dev/hdx (x = A, B, C, D) or lilo to rewrite the boot. Also can refer to: http://www.linuxfans.org/nuke/mo... iewtopic & t = 5101

23. how to configure the mouse?

Open a terminal or enter the console. Run the mouseconfig command to configure the mouse!

24. How do I access Linux from dos?

First you uninstall loadlin.exe this program, Linux first installation disk in the dosutils directory, In addition you need is the Linux kernel,/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.xx-xx is, put him into the windows disk, and rename him to vmlinuz (mainly vmlinuz-2.4.xx-xx in DOS display a little problem), in addition to the dosutils directory in the autoboot also has a vmlinuz, is also the Linux kernel, can be used together, but many devices do not support it. If there is a problem with the Linux boot configuration or Linux Startup configuration, you can use this kernel to fix Linux. Then, use loadlin vmlinuz root =/dev/hdxx (hdxx is your Linux Root partition), and use loadlin vmlinuz root =/dev/hdxx single to implement the single-user mode.

25. Root Password loss solution GRUB: on the boot loader menu, type [e] to enter the editing mode. You will face a list of pilot projects. Find the line with the output similar to the following: kernel/vmlinuz-2.4.18-0.4 Ro root =/dev/hda2 press the arrow keys until the line is highlighted and then press [e]. Now you can add a single entry at the end of the text to tell grub to guide the Linux mode of a single user. Press the [enter] key to make the editing result take effect. You will be taken with the edit mode screen. From here, press and grub will guide the single-user Linux mode. After loading, you will face a shell prompt similar to the following: Sh-2.05 # now, you can change the root command and type: bash # passwd root you will be asked to retype the password for verification. After the password is changed, you can enter reboot at the prompt to reboot. Then, you can log on as the root user as usual. Lilo: when the system starts to display the Lilo boot screen, press tab for the graphic Boot Mode to enter the text mode, and then enter linux single press enter at lilo to enter the password-free console, use the passwd command to change the root password.

RedHat, Suse, and mandrake26are installed without a floppy disk. RedHat, Suse, and Mandrake are installed without a floppy disk.
1. I am talking about non-floppy disk installation, which refers to the transfer from pure DOS to Linux installation. That is to say, you must have partitions that can start dos. (For example, C: the disk must note that no program can be loaded when DOS is started. (Because I have tried it, loading extra files, such as the optical drive driver, may cause the following installation to fail)

2. RedHat Linux hard disk installation method: Copy all the \ dosutils directories on the first RedHat disc (or in the ISO disc image file) to C, then start pure DoS (it can also be started in the DOS mode of Win98 or Win95, which is the same as below .) Run again:

C: \> \ dosutils \ autoboot (Press ENTER) to go to RedHat Linux for installation.

3. Installation of Mandrake Linux: The loadlin.exe file is not included in the installation package of Mandrake Linux. You can get this program in other Linux releases. for example, you can use RedHat Linux 7. X is extracted from the CD/dosutils directory (it is inconvenient to download the RedHat resources from the Internet .) Then, find the kernel and Image File: Under \ isolinux \ alt0 of the second CD or the second ISO image file. Name: vmlinuzand all.rdzrespectively. Package uploadlin.exe copies all of them to c: \ dosutils. Then run the following command in DOS:

C: \ dosutils \ loadlin vmlinuz initrd = all. RDZ ramdisk_size = 32000

If you are afraid that it will be difficult to install it later, you can create an autoboot. BAT file for it in the same way as RedHat!

4. Install SuSE Linux: SuSE does not drag down the folder like RedHat and then run autoboot. But the loadlin.exe file is stored in the current release version. Under \ dosutils \ loadlin of the first CD or ISO image. Upload it to c: \ dosutils. In the CD (or ISO image file) \ SuSE \ images \ Boot directory, copy the Linux Kernel File and the initrd installation image file to C: \ dosutils. Then run:

C: \ dosutils \ loadlin linux root = 200 RW 2 initrd = initrd

　　　　

27. Network-based installation of redhatredhat supports Network-based installation. This method is applicable when Linux is installed in batches. Of course, this method can be used if there is no CDROM or ISO file image on the machine. The specific method is as follows:

Copy all content of the RedHat installation disk to a directory of the server that provides FTP and HTTP Services. Multiple installation disks must be copied to the same directory and set to allow access by other machines through the network.

Use rawrite to make bootnet. IMG in the images directory of the first RedHat installation disk into a boot floppy disk. The method is the same as that for other general floppy disks.

Start with a prepared floppy disk. After the installation program is started, it will automatically discover and configure the NIC. A RedHat-like network configuration interface is displayed. Enter the local domain name, IP address, mask, DNS, and gateway. For future configuration convenience, it is best to enter the address and machine name to be used later. The RedHat installer automatically takes the content as the default value for future network settings.

Then, a page is displayed asking you to select the installation method, mainly including HTTP and FTP. Then, enter the HTTP or FTP server address and the RedHat Installation File Path (URL ), and the username and password used to access the server. The default value is anonymous logon.

Click Next to start installation. The subsequent steps are exactly the same as those for hard disk installation.

28. Best steps to add NTFS support for Linux (compile the kernel by yourself)

The procedure is as follows (the original RedHat 8.0 installation is used as an example. # The entire line is the input command. For other systems or systems that have been patched with RedHat, only the kernel and Development Program versions are different, you can simply add the changes as needed ):

Login as root,

# View the kernel version number in uname-R. Make sure that the kernel source to be compiled is the same as the running kernel. This step is not required. You can compile the kernel of another version in one running version.

# Cd/usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14 2.4.18-14 is the newly installed RedHat 8 kernel version, slightly changed with the release version, according to their own situation to change the following figures. It is not described below.

# Make mrproper: This step is very important. Otherwise, compilation will fail, which is the first step to compile any kernel;

# Vi makefile: Edit makefile, remove the previous extraversion =-14 m from custum, and change it to extraversion =-14. Compare it with the previous uname results, the $ version + $ patchlevel + $ sublevel + $ extraversion at the beginning of makefile should be exactly the same as your kernel version.

# Cp configs/kernel-2.4.18-i686.config. config (select a proper config based on your configuration, and select a Config with SMP for multiple CPU machines)

# Make menuconfig Select File Systems and set the light to the front of NTFS file system support (read only). Press enter to display the front. Do not select the next NTFS write support (dangerous) line. Do you want ?! Press the ESC key continuously (not too many) until the Save Settings dialog box appears. Press enter to confirm.

# Make Dep

# Make modules subdirs = FS/NTFS

# Mkdir/lib/modules/2.4.18-14/kernel/fs/NTFS

# Cp/usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14/fs/NTFS. O/lib/modules/2.4.18-14/kernel/fs/NTFS

# Depmod-

If there are no errors, the compilation is complete.

#/Sbin/fdisk-l find the row that the system displays as HPFs/NTFS, that is, your NTFS partition, and write down the device at the beginning of the row (such as/dev/hda1) windows 2000 dynamic disks are displayed as SFS and NTFS partitions.

# Mount-t ntfs/dev/hda1/mnt/NTFS test should be able to mount normally (do not forget to create the/mnt/NTFS directory first), and check ls/mnt/NTFS.

29. How to Use the RedHat package manager when RedHat 8.0 is installed on a hard disk

The rh8 Software Package Manager provides convenience for management software installation, but the installation disk is always required to be inserted when running from the system menu. If there is no installation disk, you cannot start the Software Package Manager from the RedHat menu when installing the hard disk, you need to create a terminal and perform the following operations based on the actual situation:

(1) rh8 installed using the ISO file:

RedHat-config-packages -- iso-Dir =/path/to/ISO/Files

(2) how to copy all CDROM files to a directory:

RedHat-config-packages -- tree =/path/to/Rh/tree

30. Why is firewall config always advanced? How can I disable the lokkit program for configuring firewall in firewallredhat? However, the default advanced security is displayed at each startup and cannot be changed. This is actually caused by the default display of lokkit. If it looks uncomfortable, can be run in the console

# Lokkit-f -- disabled
Or
# Lokkit-f -- medium

To change the display. After saving and exiting, the firewall setting will become disabled or intermediate.

However, the existing firewall settings are still working at this time. To take effect immediately, you can:

#/Etc/rc. d/init. d/iptables restart (RH 8)

Or

#/Etc/rc. d/init. d/ipchains restart (RH 7X)

32. use Linux to provide the Font Service for the LAN XWindow server so that X-winpro can display Chinese Characters

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 51862

33 redhat8.0 why cannot I display Chinese Characters in shell?

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 49377

34. I have installed NVIDIA's latest graphics card driver, but cannot achieve 3D acceleration ????

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 48617

35 is it difficult to use setup to modify firewall?

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 49338

36. How can I view the binary file content?

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 47851

37 can't I enter Chinese characters for OpenOffice in Red Hat 8.0?

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 46845

38. Change the MAC address of the NIC ?!

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 46394

39. I just downloaded five ISO files from redhat8.0 online. How can I burn them into a CD!

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 45191

40 RedHat linux8.0 installation and related software configuration (including mplayer \ QQ, etc)

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 51670 41 Samba howto collections Chinese Version

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 51885

42. Why does the Panel program crash when setting the program properties on the RedHat 8.0 panel?

After all-new installation and testing, we found that the panel program crash error occurred when setting the program attribute on the RedHat 8.0 panel was caused by the bug of the minichinput default Chinese Input Method of RedHat 8.0, you can solve this problem by disabling the Chinese input method or changing it to another input method. In addition, it is also caused by the Chinese Input Method to exit when you use Mozilla of Flash 6 to open a webpage. Solution: uninstall minichinput and install the xsim input method.

43. Batch create users in Linux

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 52409

44 how to use xpdf to view Chinese PDF files under RedHat 8

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 52759 45 Mozilla Java Plug-in installation and Chinese display (including RedHat 8.0 and 9 solutions)

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 58791

46 install the NVIDIA 1.0-4636 graphics card driver

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 57903

47. How to Use MS proxy 2.0 proxy to set up Internet access in Linux

Provided by CHC, a forum user:

The Internet access is successful through the MS proxy.

The specific configuration is as follows:
Note: <--> is a text note.

System: redhat9.0 + Python (redhat9.0 comes with) + aps0.9.8 (NTLM authorization proxy server, http://apserver.sourceforge.net/downloadable)

Server. cfg ):

Parent_proxy: 172.16.1.1 <-- my company's Ms proxy IP address->
Parent_proxy_port: 80 <-- my company's Ms proxy port -->
Nt_hostname: chcp4 <-- Name of the online machine bound to my company -->
Nt_domain: LFG <-- my company logon domain name, not a fully qualified name -->
User: temp <-- logon username -->
Password: temptemp <-- logon password -->
Lm_part: 1
Nt_part: 1 <-- it seems that the NT system is set to 1, and ntlm_flags must be set accordingly -->
Ntlm_flags: 07820000 <-- corresponding to the settings of nt_part -->

Browser settings:
IP address of the browser proxy server: 127.0.0.1, Port: 5865
RedHat system settings:
IP Address: 172.16.1.169 <-- my IP Address -->
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
DNS address: 172.16.1.1 <-- my company Domain Name Server address -->

In the "Preferences" of redhat9.0, there is a network proxy, which is also set as the browser proxy. (Do not know if it is necessary)
In addition, on the APS server. note that special addesses don't work here (192.168.3.0 for example ). I don't quite understand what it means. You may need to pay attention to it. (This indicates that the network address or broadcast address is not available, manux note)

Internet access:
Run./Main. py in the APs installation directory of the terminal. There are two lines of prompts. Open the ILA browser to access the Internet (it is best not to close the terminal where APS runs during Internet access ).

Problems:
The Internet access is not very stable and the speed is not fast enough.

Related discussions:

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... 15 & pagenumber = 2
Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 51583

48 Mozilla Plugin: Click to play flash

When a webpage is loaded, Flash is not automatically displayed. A button is displayed at the flash position. When you click the button with the mouse, the Flash animation is played, which is helpful for removing a large number of spam ads from some websites.

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 66204 49 How Samba displays Chinese file names and shared names:
Samba 2.x:
Add a line under [Global:
Client code pages = 936

Samba 3.0 +
Add a line under [Global:
UNIX charset = gb2312

50 LINUX partition mounting information (/etc/fstab) is lost and the partition is still there. How can I restore the system?

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 81000 51 install RedHat how to use reiserfs?

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 76509

52 how to use Win98 DOS to guide Linux

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 77430

53 RedHat 9 Summary of common network service software installation methods below

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 68164

54 list and description of common RedHat configuration files and system files (E)

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 66950

55 how to automatically mount a USB flash disk under RedHat

Http://www.linuxeden.com/forum/s... & threadid = 75546