RedHat software management-binary software package management
Linux learning philosophy-Linux is very transparent compared with windows. Therefore, both systems and software have their own built-in instructions or help documents provided by man, as long as we make good use of these documents, as long as the English is good enough, no textbooks are required, and any teaching videos are available, you can learn Linux well!
RPM package management
Linux software package naming
Sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm
# This includes the software name (SUDO), version number (1.7.2pl), Release number (5. EL5), and hardware platform (i386)
Uninstall Software Package
Rpm-E [Soft-name] # If other software packages are dependent on each other, a prompt message is displayed when you detach the software package.
Rpm-e -- nodeps [Soft-name] # Add -- nodeps, which can be forcibly uninstalled. However, it is not recommended to uninstall it like this.
Install software package
Rpm-IVH [software package name] [e.g.: sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm]
V: displays details. Optional.
H: displays the installation progress. Optional.
1. Attach a CD: [Best Practice: attach the CD and USB flash disk to the/mnt Directory]
Mkdir/mnt/CDROM
Mount/dev/CDROM/mnt/CDROM # enable/mnt/CDROM now is equivalent to accessing the Cd content
2. Check whether the query exists: ls | grep sudo
3. Installation: rpm-IVH sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm
4. Check whether the command is installed: rpm-Q sudo
5. rpm-Qa | grep Samba # query all samba-related software packages
-Qa indicates querying all installed software packages]
Other RPM Installation Options
-- Excludedocs does not install software
-- Prefix = path: install the software package to the path specified by path.
For example: rpm-IVH-Prefix =/usr/local sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm
However, most RPM packages do not allow you to change the installation path]
-- Test is only for testing, but not for installation. For example, if the dependency is obtained, whether the software package has been installed
Appendix-all the binary software on the CD is stored in centos | packages [New centos] Directory
Special Cases
A. overwrite the installation
-- Replacepkgs overwrite the software installation package
B. Installation conflict
If a file in the software package to be installed has been installed when other software packages are installed, the following error message is displayed:
rpm -ivh sudo-1.8.6p3-7.el6.i686.rpm warning: sudo-1.8.6p3-7.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%]package sudo-1.8.6p3-7.el6.i686 is already installed
Make -- replacefiles ignore modification error information, overwrite Installation
C. Unresolved Dependencies
This software package may depend on other software packages. It can be installed only after a specific software package is installed.
rpm -ivh sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm failed dependencies: sudo is needed by bark-3.2-1l
Use the -- nodeps option to forcibly install the software package.
Upgrade Software Package
Sudo-uvh sudo-1.8.6p3-7.el6.i686.rpm
Query [important]
-A: Query all installed software packages.
-F: query the software package of the file
-P: query the software package. The software package has not been installed.
-Q: Check whether the software package is installed.
-I: displays the package information.
-L display the file list and location in the Software Package
-D: displays the list of files marked as documents and their locations
-C: displays the list of files marked as configuration files and their locations
Instance:
1. query the packages of files/commands
Rpm-qf/etc/services # configuration file
Rpm-qf/bin/ls # command
2. query the software package information
Rpm-Qi Samba // query an installed software package
Rpm-QIP samba-3.6.9-151.el6.i686.rpm # You can query the RPM package that has not been installed, full name!
3. query the installation file of the installation package and the location of the Installation File.
Rpm-QL sudo
Rpm-QIP vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.i686.rpm # not installed, full name!
4. query the help documentation and location of the software package
Rpm-Qd sudo
Rpm-qdp vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.i686.rpm # not installed, full name!
5. query the software package configuration file and its location
Rpm-QC
Rpm-qcp // same as above
Rpm integrated application instance
1. What is vncserver used ???
Rpm-QF vncserver
Then rpm-Qi VNC-server # learn carefully
Ii. query Vim standard comments
1. Check whether an installation package has been installed in the query system: rpm-Qa | grep Vim
Instead of using it directly: rpm-A Vim
Query example documents: rpm-Qa Vim | grep example
2. Open and view
VI/usr/share/Vim/vim72/vimrc_example.vim
Verification
# It can be used to help us determine if the software package has a problem and where the problem occurs
Rpm-V name is not prompted normally, and its files are not changed.
[When RPM installs a software into the system, it will automatically generate an RPM database. During verification, it will be compared with this database]
5. MD5 check value of the file
S file size
L link file
T File Creation or last modification time
D. Device File
U file user
G file User Group
M File Permissions
-Md5sum: generate a unique check value for the file through the MD5 algorithm. The check value will not change as long as the content of the file remains unchanged. Make any minor changes to the file content, his checksum changes.
Important file repair
For example, if the/etc/inittab file is deleted, the file can be extracted from the original installation disc.
1. Locate the software package to which the file belongs
Rpm-qf/etc/inittab
2. Decompress all files to the current directory [not recommended]
Rpm2cpi initscripts-8.45.30-2.el5.centos.i386.rpm | cpio-IDV
Decompress the specified file to the current directory [recommended]
Rpm2cpio/mnt/CDROM/initscripts-8.45.30-2.el5.centos.i386.rpm | cpio-IDV./etc/inittab [Note:./etc/inittab can only be extracted to the current directory]
[In terms of Linux Server Management, we prefer to be stable, not the latest version]
Yum software package management
Benefits of using yum
(1) automatically solves dependencies between software installation packages
(2) convenient software package upgrade
(3) trusted, Official Software Package
1. Installation
Yum install sudo
2. Detection and upgrade
Yum check-update sudo
Yum check-update # Check the upgrade of all software packages
3. Upgrade [important: Upgrade frequently for commonly used software packages]
Yum update sudo
4. query the software package information
Yum list // lists all software packages on the software source
Best Practice: Yum list | less
Yum list | grep samba
5. query the software package information
Yum info [software name]
Yum info sudo
6. Uninstall the Software Package
Yum remove sudo
7. View help information
Yum -- help or man yum
[Best Practice: Yum -- help | less]
RedHat software management (version 2)-binary software package management