Wu Shenmin 130702010011 Second Assignment

2.9 With the following statements, please use the corresponding predicate formula to express them separately:

1) Some people like plum blossom, some people like Chrysanthemum, some people both like plum blossom and like chrysanthemum.

Solution: P (x): X is Human

L (x, y): x likes y

The individual domain of y is {plum, chrysanthemum}.

The knowledge is represented by a predicate as: (ヨx) (P (x) →l (x, Plum) ∨l (x, Chrysanthemum) ∨l (x, Plum) ∧l (x, Chrysanthemum))

2) Some people go to play basketball every afternoon.

Solution: P (x): X is human;

B (x): X play basketball;

A (Y): Y is afternoon

The knowledge predicate is expressed as: (ヨx) (∀y) (A (y) →b (x) ∧p (x))

3) The new type of computer is fast and the storage capacity is large.

Solution: NC (x): X is a new type of computer;

F (x): Fast x speed;

B (x): Large x capacity

To represent knowledge with predicates as: (∀x) (NC (x) →f (x) ∧b (x))

4) Not every computer department student likes the computer creates Macintosh program.

Solution: S (x): X is a computer department student;

L (x, pragramming): x likes programming;

U (X,computer): x use computer

The knowledge predicate is expressed as: ∀x (S (x) →l (x, pragramming) ∧u (X,computer))

5) All people like to make programs like computers.

Solution:

P (x): X is human;

L (x, y): x likes y

The knowledge predicate is expressed as: (∀x) (P (x) ∧l (x,pragramming) →l (x, Computer)) to describe the problem, the need to be able to explain where the farmer, wolf, sheep, cabbage and ship are located, in order to simplify the problem to express, cancel the ship in the River State, Describe the state of the Left bank and the right bank only. And because the state of the Left bank and the right bank are complementary, it is possible to directly describe the state of the left bank or the right bank. The method of choosing a direct description of the left bank is to define the predicate as follows:

AL (x): X on the left bank

where X's individual domain is {farmer, ship, wolf, sheep, cabbage}, so

¬al (x): X on the right bank

Initial state of the problem:

AL (Farmer)

AL (ship)

AL (Wolf)

AL (sheep)

AL (cabbage)

The target state of the problem:

¬al (Farmer)

¬al (ship)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (cabbage)

(2) redefine the predicate that describes the operation:

L-r: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank to the right bank

L-r (x): Farmer with X boating from left Bank to right bank

R-l: The farmer himself rowed from the right bank to the left bank

R-l (x): Farmer with x boating from right bank to left bank

where X's individual domain is {wolf, lamb, cabbage}

For each of these operations, both the condition and the action are included.

They correspond to the following conditions and actions:

L-r: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank to the right bank

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), ¬al (Wolf) ∨¬al (sheep), ¬al (sheep) ∨¬al (cabbage)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer)

Add Table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer)

L-r (Wolf): Farmer boating with wolves from left Bank to right bank

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (Wolf), ¬al (sheep)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (Wolf)

Add Table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (Wolf)

L-r (sheep): Farmer boating from left bank to right bank with sheep

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep), Al (Wolf), AL (cabbage)

Or: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep), ¬al (Wolf), ¬al (cabbage)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep)

Added tables: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (sheep)

L-r (cabbage): Farmer boating from left bank to right bank with cabbage

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (cabbage), ¬al (Wolf)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (cabbage)

Add Table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (cabbage)

R-l: Farmer boating from right bank to left bank

Conditions: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), AL (Wolf) ∨¬al (sheep), ¬al (sheep) ∨al (cabbage)

Or: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (Wolf), ¬al (cabbage), AL (sheep)

Action: Delete table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer)

Add Table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer)

R-l (sheep): Farmer boating from right bank to left Bank with sheep

Conditions: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (sheep), ¬al (Wolf), ¬al (sheep), ¬al (cabbage)

Action: Delete table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (sheep)

Add Table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep)

AL (Farmer)

L-r (sheep) →

AL (Wolf)

R-l →

AL (Farmer)

L-r (Wolf) →

AL (cabbage)

R-l (sheep)

AL (Farmer)

L-r (cabbage) →

AL (sheep)

R-l →

AL (Farmer)

L-r (sheep) →

¬al (Farmer)

AL (ship)

AL (cabbage)

AL (ship)

¬al (Farmer)

AL (ship)

¬al (Farmer)

AL (ship)

¬al (ship)

AL (Wolf)

¬al (Farmer)

AL (Wolf)

¬al (ship)

AL (sheep)

¬al (ship)

AL (sheep)

¬al (sheep)

AL (sheep)

¬al (ship)

AL (cabbage)

¬al (Wolf)

AL (cabbage)

¬al (cabbage)

¬al (cabbage)

¬al (cabbage)

AL (cabbage)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (Wolf)

2.16 write out their semantic networks for each of the following propositions:
(1) Each student has a computer.

Solution:

Each student	Yes	A single computer
	→

(2) High teacher from March to July to the computer department students to talk about the "computer network" class.

Solution:

Miss Gao	From →	March to July	To give →	Computer students	Speak →	"Computer Network" class

(3) There are men, women, graduate students and undergraduates.

Solution:

Classes	Yes →	Man	Woman
		↑	↑
		Students
		↓	↓
		Graduate	Undergraduate

(4) The innovation Company at 56th Hoi An avenue, Liu Yang is the company's manager, he is 32 years old, Master's degree.

Solution:

Manager 32-year-old--→ Liu Yang ——— → innovation Company ——— → no. 56th, ke Hai Avenue ↓ Master's Degree

Wu Shenmin 130702010011 Second Assignment