English-Chinese Comparison: noun (1)

A simple definition of a noun is like this: a word that represents the name of a person's 'thing' location' group or abstract concept.

Nouns are generally divided into two categories: exclusive nouns and common nouns. Common nouns are divided into individual nouns, collective nouns, material nouns, and abstract nouns.

In fact, I think it is only easy to understand and involves some detailed syntax issues. In addition, it does not have much practical significance for terms classification.

 

Exclusive terms: exclusive terms are only used for special purposes. They are generally unique and have a small scope of application. the name of another person. there are also place names, organization names, and book names. for example, Lao Tzu, Zhong Nanshan, quanzhenjiao, and Jin Pingmei are all proprietary terms. in English, the first letter of a noun is generally in uppercase, for example, Beijing.

Individual nouns, collective nouns: generally refers to a type of person that can exist independently, and the names of animals and plants. collective nouns are the general term for a set of many individuals in the same category.

For example, book, computer, phone, car, and house are individual nouns. family, team is the collective term. in addition, many collective terms we heard many years ago are people, serving the people. one by one, one by one, and one by one, a civilian is an individual term. therefore, we serve the people only for the abstract people who do not know where the virtual people are. However, you are too lazy to care about the actual existence of civilian people, where to stay cool.

Material nouns, abstract nouns: Material nouns are easy to understand. As the name suggests, material can be seen and touched. for example, meat and water. abstract nouns are invisible, such as love, news, and happiness. if a child wants to learn a language, he must first learn material terms and then learn abstract terms after learning the life experience. I once chatted with my niece and asked her if you were dreaming at night? She asked me what a dream is. I was stunned for a moment. I don't know how to explain the abstract term dream. then she said that dreaming was just about sleeping, and she was still thinking about something. Why did she ask? Ah, I am a little speechless.

I have heard of such a statement before. Children ask philosophical questions, while young people ask scientific questions. Middle-aged people ask technical questions. the grade is getting lower and lower.

 

Why is there a plural number in English?

It is very easy to learn nouns in Chinese. It does not involve any complicated syntax. however, nouns in English involve the plural, which is a little complicated. many people think that the plural is a very bad thing, and they have some doubts about whether the head of the person who invented the English syntax has been kicked by the hacker and caught in the door. make out such a superfluous thing. because the plural does not bring us any valuable information, because there are several modifiers before the nouns, such as two and three, you can use this number to determine whether it is one or more. however, adding "S" or "es" after a noun to indicate the plural is of no practical use. because we have not used the plural nouns separately, the plural nouns always follow the number words. (Supplement: In fact, a few of them are used independently, such as my
Books. However, there are not many cases for separate use)

So why should we make the plural in English? Is it silly for the foreign ancestor?

I guess for some reason (I guess it all. I have not obtained any evidence yet. I will study it carefully later ). first, we know that there is a language and a syntax first. at the beginning, the usage of English in different regions must be different. after integration, there is a system syntax system.

We can see that some words in English are the same as the singular and plural words. We can understand that the people who use these words may not have a complicated singular concept, which is exactly the same as Chinese. for example, deer and sheep do not have the plural form. moreover, we know that the most first nouns in a language are definitely the most relevant to survival. Therefore, words related to food are definitely the most important words. and deer and sheep can all be used as food. so it must be a very important word. in other Groups, there may not be a few words at the beginning, so to represent multiple things that are larger than one, you only need to add s or es to the backend by using the plural number. when it comes to the end, there are several words, and the plural form becomes redundant.
But it is still used out of traditional habits. because many cultural customs are not necessarily inherited because they are very good and reasonable, as long as they are customs, they have been circulating. abolition is considered only when it is particularly bad and inconvenient to life, and even abolition is a long process. so many times people are still relatively lazy, comfortable with the status quo, stick to the traditional, this is still prominent in ancient China.

Therefore, when we finally integrate the habits of different groups into the syntax, the form of plural numbers appears for unification. in fact, I don't think too much attention to the singular and plural at the beginning of learning English. It doesn't make much sense to regard English as a common communication tool. at the beginning, you only need to know that there is a plural. When you know the plural, use "are", use "is" separately, and simply add "S" after the plural. later, I will be familiar with English and learn when to add elasticsearch, or the form of a single and multiple numbers is the same. because a few suffixes after a complex number will certainly not affect communication. if someone affects understanding because of a suffix such as S and ES, it would be silly. of course
Some singular and plural nouns are completely different, but they are very rare.

In addition, people are used to the plural form, and outsiders who have never used quantifiers may be surprised why we have to use quantifiers so much trouble and there are not many useful words. this may be the same as how foreigners use the plural. why are there quantifiers in Chinese?

 

Why are there quantifiers in Chinese?

A quantizer is a word such as a pair, or a pair. there is no such concept as quantifiers in English and it can be seen that the removal of quantifiers will not have too much influence. why is there such a thing in Chinese. I guess there may be some reasons (still I guess, no basis ). when the quantifiers were just invented and used, they contained information. A quantifiers can describe the modified nouns. for example, a fish may have a long character, but a word may have a small round shape. so even if someone has never seen fish or seed. when you see a fish, there will also be a little concept of the text like seed, know that the fish is a little long, not round, and the seed is also a small, may be round. so it is because the quantifiers contain information that will be invented. if a language cannot express certain information at the beginning of its invention, it is completely redundant and will certainly be removed. the language was first invented for practical purposes, not for the purpose of playing.

 

 

Syntax details of English nouns and plural nouns

 

Only a handful of nouns can be used in a plural. collective nouns, individual nouns, and abstract nouns have only a handful.

The expression of the plural is mainly divided into four types.

1. The same singular and plural numbers

2. Add s directly to the backend

3. Add es directly to the backend

4. Change y to I and then es, and change f or Fe to V and then es.

5. the singular and plural forms are completely irrelevant to the two words.

 

1. words with the same single and multiple numbers

There are no skills to talk about. You can only memorize them, and there are not many such words.

What I can think of now is sheep, deer, means. Others don't remember.

2. Add s directly to the backend

There are many terms such as girls, boys, and cars.

3. Add es directly to the backend

The Terminologies such as S, X, CH, and sh generally include es. For example, classes, boxes, and dishes.

But there are also exceptions. For example, the plural month is months, And the plural path is paths.

ES is directly added at the end of a consonant plus O, such as hero's plural heroes.

S is directly added when the vowel and O are added, for example, radio plural radios.

In addition, some foreign words do not follow the above rules. For example, photo plural photos. Such words that do not follow the rules can only be memorized.

4. Change y to I and then es, and change f or Fe to V and then es.

Change "Y" to "I" and add "es" to the ending words with consonants and Y. for example, the city plural cities. however, if you add y to a vowel, simply add S. for example, boys. because o is a vowel.

Change f or Fe to V and add es, for example, leaf's plural leaves. Thief's plural thieves.

5. The sound plural is completely different

For example, foot plural feet goose plural geese man plural men child plural children

 

 

Looking at the above pile of syntaxes about the plural nouns, you must have a headache. in fact, the syntax of plural numbers is very unimportant in Common English use and does not have much practical significance. however, we like to take such boring playings in junior high school, high school, including CET-4 and cet6. however, when I think back, I seem to be doing this kind of questions very well, and my English score is also the best in all my disciplines. however, in English learning, I have a typical high score and low energy.