Formal Logic (General logic) 1: What is Concept

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Logic studies the structure and law of thinking forms, and studies reasoning methods. We need to study the nature of human cognition, understand the laws of knowledge generation and development, and gain great inspiration from logic.

This seriesArticleFirst, we start to study general logic and use computer modeling techniques and methods to propose a UML Model for logic as the computer-based knowledge and reasoning.

Concept is the most important part of logic. As the first article, we first model concepts and their operations.

There is a "cognitive subject" for objects in the objective world ". People observe and think about objective objects to recognize the existence of cognitive subjects. After the abstract of thinking, a "concept" is produced in the thought ".

Concepts are the product of thinking. In the field of thinking, they are used to reflect the special or essential attributes of thinking objects. So what is the property? Attribute refers to the nature of a thing and its relationship with other things.

Not all attributes can be used to express concepts. As mentioned above, concepts reflect the special or essential attributes of thinking objects. A special attribute refers to an attribute that is unique to and exclusive to a category of things; the essential attribute is the attribute that determines why a thing becomes a thing and distinguishes it from other things.

Concepts belong to the field of thinking. For communication, people use words to express concepts. (You can also use other methods, suchUMLFigure). Words are the linguistic form of concepts, but words and concepts do not correspond one-to-one. Shown in:

Some words (Virtual words) do not express concepts;

The same concept can be expressed in different words (typical words in multiple languages)

A word expresses different concepts in different contexts.

The relationships between concepts, words, and objective objects are shown in:

Two basic logical features of the concept are: Connotation and extension.

Connotation: the meaning of a concept, which is reflected in the special or essential attributes of the thinking object in the concept.

Extension: the target object of the concept. It has the object of the special or essential attribute reflected by the concept, and the object referred to or expressed by the concept.

After defining the connotation and extension, you can classify, compare, and calculate the concept.