Formal Logic (General logic) 7: reasoning Overview

Inference Definition

There is a correlation between true and false judgments. The true/false relationship between judgment and judgment is the basis for people's reasoning activities.

The so-called reasoning is a new judgment method based on some judgments.

Composition of Reasoning

Reasoning consists of the premise, conclusion, and reasoning form.

The premise is known judgment, which is the basis or reason of reasoning.

The conclusion is that the new judgment derived from reasoning is the purpose and result of reasoning.

The reasoning form is a set of judgment forms that include changing concepts or determining changing items.

Reasoning judgment

Generally, there are two aspects:

(1) Whether the premise is true.

(2) Whether the formal structure of reasoning is correct.

Classification of Reasoning

Classification of reasoning: deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and analogy reasoning

Deductive reasoning: from general premise to individual conclusion.

Inductive Reasoning: from the premise of being individual to the general conclusion.

Analogy reasoning: from the premise of being individual to the conclusion of being individual.

For deductive reasoning, the premise and conclusion are inevitable. If the premise is true, the conclusion must be true.

Induction and analogy are non-deductive reasoning. The premise and conclusion are contingent, that is, the premise is correct and the conclusion is not guaranteed.