Fundamentals of the 2016.6.30 Management information System

1. Common definitions of information:

① information is a universal form of expressing the characteristics of things;

② information is the result of data processing;

③ Measurement of information system in order;

④ information is a non-uniform distribution of material and energy in time and space;

⑤ information is the meaning of data, data is the carrier of information;

⑥ information is the knowledge to help people make decisions;

2. According to the way information is generated can be categorized:

① Natural Information: The characterization of the intrinsic connection between things in nature and things;

② Artificial information: People based on material movement, using certain means, artificial characterization and description;

③ Comprehensive information: refers to the integration of natural information and artificial information in human society;

3. Information and data, the difference between knowledge:

① data is a recorded and identifiable symbol and number, which refers to the value of an objective entity attribute;

② information is the result of data processing, it is the interpretation of data, the data becomes the carrier of information, it is more direct, clearly reflects the essence of objective things;

③ knowledge is the summary of the practical experience of human society and becomes the fusion of information;

* * Knowledge = facts + rules + concepts;

* * Facts: Common sense, attributes, state of things, knowledge of static;

* * Rules: The interdependence between actions or actions of things, the causal relationship triggered by one another, dynamic knowledge;

* * Concept: divided into control and meta-knowledge, control is the solution to the problem of the steps, technical, meta-knowledge is about knowledge, including the use of rules, interpretation rules, test rules;

④ data and information can only be transformed into knowledge to transform into decision-making power;

4. Basic features of information:

① the objectivity of information;

② the sharing of information;

The value of ③ information;

④ the timeliness of information;

The infinite of ⑤ information;

5. The definition of Management information: Management information is the data collected in the production and operation activities of the enterprise through processing, analysis and interpretation, clearly defined, the enterprise management activities have an impact on the data;

6. Characteristics of Management information:

① the dispersion of raw data sources;

② the non-consumption of information resources;

③ diversity of information processing methods;

④ information is large;

The occurrence, processing and application of ⑤ information in time, space and inconsistency;

7. Classification of management information:

① Classification by information Stability:

* * Fixed information: With relative stability, repeated use, does not occur qualitative changes, is the enterprise all plans and organization work important basis;

* * Mobile Information: Job statistics, constantly updated to reflect the actual process and actual status of the production and operation of information; one-time use value;

* * Fixed information accounts for about 75% of total turnover in enterprise management systems, and the quality of work in the whole management system depends largely on the organization of fixed information;

* * Fixed information mainly consists of the following three parts: standard information, planning contract information, query information;

② Classification by decision hierarchy:

* * Strategic information: To provide senior managers in the enterprise, to make strategic decision-making use; (external information, non-normalized, small quantity)

* * Tactical Information: Provided to the enterprise middle managers, for the completion of a large number of planning, capital turnover, resource allocation; (comprehensive, specific)

* * Business information: Provided to the enterprise grass-roots management personnel for the implementation of the planned plans, the organization of production or service activities use; (large amount of information, standardization)

8. The role of information in business management:

① information is the basis of decision-making in enterprise management;

② information is the precondition of effective control in the operation and management of enterprises;

③ information is the organization means and coordination tool of business management activities;

④ information is the means to improve the economic efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises;

⑤ information is an effective measure to improve the efficiency of enterprise management;

9. The concept of management information systems

(1) The concept of the system: The system is an organic whole with certain functions, which is composed of the elements of interrelated interaction; it can be said that the simple system model should be the collection of input, processing and output;

(2) The three conditions required to form a system:

* * With more than two elements;

* * Elements should be interconnected and interact with each other;

* * If the relationship between the role must produce the overall function;

(3) Classification of systems (in accordance with the nature of the elements constituting the system):

* * Natural systems: systems formed by the forces of nature rather than by human bodies, celestial systems, meteorological systems;

* * Artificial system: System established by human labor (management system, man-made material system, man-made concept system)

* * Composite system: Natural systems and artificial systems combined systems, such as agricultural systems, environmental systems, water conservancy;

(4) Characteristics of the system:

* * PURPOSE;

* * RELEVANCE;

* * Hierarchical nature;

* * INTEGRITY;

* * Environmental adaptability;

10. Information Systems:

① information phenomenon and information process as the leading feature of the system to become information systems;

② is technically defined: an information system is a set of interrelated components that are composed of collection, processing, storage, and dissemination of information to support decision-making and control in the organization, while also helping managers and staff to analyze problems, solve complex problems and create new products;

③ Information System input is the data, after processing the output of a variety of useful information;

④ Information systems for decision-making, control, operation, analysis, and collection and processing of new products and services required

The ⑤ information system also needs feedback, which returns the output information to the organization's personnel so that they can evaluate or correct the input;

11. Management Information System:

* * Management Information System is an important branch of the application of information system in management field, and it is a new stage of information system development after electronic data processing system.

* * Management Information system is based on the idea of the system, for an organization (enterprise) at all levels to provide management decision-making service information system; It consists of three different systems, namely management system, processing system and transmission system;

* * Main features of management information system:

① in the enterprise management of the full use of computers;

② application database technology and computer network;

③ adopts decision model to solve the problem of structured decision-making;

* * In short, the three elements of management information System are: The system point of view, mathematical methods and computer applications;

12. Functions of management Information System:

① collection of information;

② the organization and storage of information;

Processing of ③ information;

④ the transmission of information;

⑤ the provision of information;

13. Structure of the Management Information system:

* * Basic structure:

① information Source: The place where information is generated;

② Information Processing device: computer software and hardware equipment that can manage storage, processing, transmitting, displaying and providing application functions.

③ Information Users: The user of information, it uses information to make decisions;

④ information Manager: The design and implementation of the system, and responsible for the operation of information systems, maintenance and coordination of work;

* * System structure based on management hierarchy:

① the most basic level is the Business Processing layer (DPS): Business processing system, processing enterprise's various specific business;

② The second layer is the Operation Management control layer (MIS): includes the operation management and the middle management layer, in the operation control layer mainly has the operation control system, it is composed by the information resource which supports the daily operation and the control, in the management control layer, the main task is the management control and formulates the tactical plan;

③ The third layer is strategic management (DSS): To deal with long-term and global issues, decision-making is non-structured and semi-structured decision-making;

* * System structure based on organizational function: The structure of information system which is relatively independent and parallel to the management function structure, which is applicable to the increasing economic ties and the increasing demand of information in various departments within the enterprise. , to overcome the phenomenon of information duplication and circuitous transmission among the functions of the upper-middle management institutions of large enterprises;

① Sales Management subsystem;

② production management subsystem;

③ Financial Management subsystem;

④ Material Management subsystem;

⑤ Personnel Management subsystem;

Fundamentals of the 2016.6.30 Management information System