You'll need to place the map image manually under the graph, outside of Gephi.
I did it once and it is not as painful as it sounds. My approach was:
Apply geolayout and export SVG file
Obtain a map image that suits the graph
Open the SVG file with Inkscape and add the map image behind nodes and edges
Move and resize the map image to make it match the cities in the graph
Eduardo
The effect is:
1. Run geolayout, output SVG file
2. Open a suitable map image
3. Open the SVG file with Inkscape and add the map under nodes and edges
4. Move and shrink the background image to match the location of the city
SVG images are scalable Vector graphics, based on XML, can be arbitrarily scaled without affecting the image quality, text independent, volume than GIF and JPEG format files are much smaller, so download is also very fast.
gephi--How to add a map background under the Geolayout layout