◇ How can I help myself in the face of fire?
① Search for emergency doors
The study found that many of the seven, eight, or even more than 10 people were burned and killed in the area near the door due to spontaneous combustion of vehicles, this shows that many passengers usually choose to rush to the door, but the crowd makes it impossible for everyone to escape. In addition, in the event of a spontaneous combustion accident, the electric door of the vehicle may fail to open. In this case, the driver or flight attendant must open the door through the emergency switch in time.
Currently, all buses are equipped with emergency switches. The positions of emergency switches vary according to different models. Some are next to the driver's seat, and some are at the top of the door, most of which are in the shape of a wrench, just like a fan switch. This switch is mainly used to cut off the gas path. The opening method is also different. The door is rotated and pulled out, and then opened with a trolley door. The specific operations are generally described next to the emergency switch. Passengers can also follow the driver's arrangement and handle them calmly.
② Correct use of the security Hammer
In the event of a vehicle spontaneous combustion accident, in addition to escaping from the door, you can also use the vehicle's security hammer to break the window glass to escape. There are usually multiple security hammers on each bus. However, passengers may not know how to use a sleep Hammer. When using a sleep hammer, they should hammer the glass on one side of the hammer head and hammer the four corners of each glass, instead of the center of the glass. If you hammer the middle part of the glass, the pressure in the middle of the whole glass will be apportioned, and the glass will not be easily broken. If the sledgehammer on the vehicle is lost or difficult to find, the passengers can use the fire extinguishers, laptops, ladies heels and other hard things on the car to hit the window glass.
③ Correct fire extinguishing with fire extinguishers
Generally, fire extinguishers are installed on buses. Generally, they are placed next to the driver's seat, and some are placed in the backdoors. If a fire occurs, a fire extinguisher can be used to help the driver extinguish the fire. Note that when using fire extinguishers, the people around should be kept away as far as possible, because splash may also easily hurt people.
To put out a gas fire, do not blindly put out the fire. First, cut off the fire spreading path, and then cut off the pressure containers in which the fire may be subject to radiation. If the combustible material is liquid flowing, the fire extinguisher jet should be directed at the root of the flame from near to far left and right until the fire is extinguished. If the engine is on fire in the car's hood, you cannot open the hood to extinguish the fire, because once the engine is on, the fire will become larger due to air convection, and the passengers should put out the fire from the lower side of the engine. If the fire is too high, the vehicle may explode. The passengers should stay away from the car body and give up the fire suppression.
④ Avoid smock smoke and covering your mouth and nose
If the fire on the scene is relatively blind, use a wet towel to cover your mouth and nose during escape, to prevent the smoke from burning from being inhaled into the body, and the smoke from the fire is always rising, so try to choose the posture of bending down to pass the scene.
⑤ Orderly escape
Passengers, men, women, and children on the bus, and orderly escape is crucial. If the fire is on fire, do not enter the door. If you are near the door, you can help the driver open the door with an emergency switch. If the door cannot be opened, powerful male passengers can use a sledgehammer to help them escape from the window. At the same time, female passengers can appease the elderly and children.
When the escape channel is opened, do not be crowded or rush out of the vehicle. If there are other vehicles outside the vehicle, it is easy to cause secondary damage. At this time, passengers who flee first should assist the driver to provide guidance and protection at the door or window. The elderly and children should leave before escape.
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In addition to fire hazards, water and rollover accidents of buses are often reported in news. In the face of the same dangerous situation, what measures should we take to escape?
◇ How to save yourself after water falls into the water?
Despite the low frequency of accidents when a vehicle goes into water, the catastrophic consequences of the lack of basic self-help knowledge are daunting. In case of such an accident, how should passengers help themselves?
① Break glass after water pressure balance to escape
First, the water falls into deep water, that is, the water does not pass through the top of the carriage. In the event of such an accident, passengers should not panic or rush to open the door. Because there is no water inside the vehicle, when it falls into deep water, the water will enter the inside of the carriage, and the pressure is poor inside and outside the carriage. In this case, opening the door is futile. Only when the vehicle falls into the water, most of the water is injected into the carriage, and the vehicle is slightly stable. When the water is prepared to flood the passenger's shoulder or head, open the door to escape. It takes about 30-60 seconds for water to be filled into the car. At this time, there may be insufficient oxygen in the car. Passengers in the car need to stay calm and reduce oxygen supply.
If the door cannot be opened due to circuit failure, use a security hammer to break the window glass. If possible, passengers should seize the empty space and wrap their heads in a plastic bag so that the air in the plastic bag can temporarily provide oxygen.
② Wait for the vehicle to stop in the shallow area before proceeding
When a vehicle falls into the shallow water, the front of the vehicle will be tilted due to its own weight, and the conditions on the water surface are unstable. It is recommended that passengers take actions after the vehicle is stopped stably. A security hammer can also be used, or other sharp objects can quickly break the window glass and escape by hitting the four corners of the glass.
◇ How can I escape from a car accident?
Buses and buses seem solid and reliable, but when the road conditions are poor, such as rugged mountain roads or remote roads, it is easy to cause rollover. Although we rarely encounter similar situations in our lives, it is necessary to learn more about basic knowledge.
① Seat belts should also be mounted on the bus.
When taking a bus, you must fasten your seat belt because it is a prerequisite for security. Domestic passengers often ignore the importance of seat belts when taking buses. They think that it is very safe to sit in the bus, and they cannot expect a seat belt.
However, I once had a real case, that is, in a bus rollover accident, a friend pulled out of the broken side window glass, eventually causing serious injury. In fact, in some developed countries such as Japan, the bus also needs to fasten the seat belt, and there are related security warnings.
② Don't rush to unfasten your seat belt and it will easily cause a secondary injury.
After turning the car, do not rush to unfasten the seat belt. Adjust the posture first. Because the space inside the bus is relatively empty, it is easy to break the seat belt blindly and cause a secondary injury. The correct method is to hold the handle in front of the seat with both hands, determine the body is fixed, unlock the seat belt in one hand, and slowly put down the body.
③ Use a lifehammer to break the window
If the door cannot be opened due to deformation or other reasons, consider escaping from the window. If the window is closed, break the glass as soon as possible. If there is a Escape hammer on the side of the window, tap in the corner of the window glass. Make sure that there is no danger outside the vehicle and then escape from the car, to avoid the car parked in a dangerous zone, or be hurt by the car that is galloping next to it.
④ Escape from the emergency window
Some buses and bus roofs have two emergency exits, but many people may mistakenly think of them as a vent. There is a button on the escape window, and the whole window is pushed out after rotation. If they cannot reach the escape window, the personnel inside the vehicle should help, hold one person out first, and then pass up and down the relay to rescue the trapped personnel from the carriage.
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● Large scale in China
Current situation of passenger car development
In recent years, China's large passenger car industry has become more mature, and the market scale is also expanding in the context of gradually increasing product competitiveness. Today, many models have been sold around the world, such as Europe and Japan, and "state goods" are gradually integrated into the world's passenger car industry with increasingly reliable quality and low prices.
However, compared with Europe, where large passenger cars are developed, the development of Chinese buses is still grim. Although this aspect has received the attention of the government and major vehicle manufacturers in recent years, there will still be some inharmonious voices in terms of product security, such as poor product stability after a period of use, in addition, the security design needs to be improved.
Insufficient technical R & D capabilities are also common in large passenger cars. Many domestic manufacturers can only cooperate with foreign passenger car enterprises and introduce technology to achieve great development of product competitiveness.
However, the domestic passenger car industry lacks independent innovation in the core technical fields, and the key components depend on imports, such as the chassis and engine of some high-end large passenger cars. In particular, there is a lack of high-end large passenger car chassis suitable for highways, and most of them stay in the imitation or reference stage, lack of independent innovation capabilities.
● Current situation of large passenger car markets in Europe
The large passenger car market in Europe is very developed. They not only have a lot of high-end products, but also the development trend of vehicle models has evolved from the comfort and security aspects to energy conservation and emission reduction. Europe's exhaust emissions standards for large passenger cars are extremely harsh.
In terms of products, Daimler Chrysler is the world's largest passenger car manufacturer, which accounts for almost 30% of the Western European market. In addition, Volvo emerged in 1990s and currently occupies a majority of the luxury buses in the Latin American market. Irisbus has factories in France, Italy and Spain. It occupies a large market share in Germany and the UK.
● Let's take a look at the development of large passenger cars in the United States.
It can be said that there are too many similarities between the U.S. automobile market and China, and the vehicle environment and habits of the two countries are similar, so we will focus on analyzing the large passenger car market and manufacturing standards in the United States. There are also many things worth learning about in terms of security protection. If it can be applied to manufacturing or supervision in China, it may also provide better protection for vehicle safety.
◇ Design and manufacturing links should be incorporated into the legal system
The US government has incorporated the design and manufacture of automobile products into the legal system of social management, and has specialized legislation on the design and manufacture of automobile products, authorize the vehicle safety, environmental protection and energy-saving authorities to formulate automobile technical regulations, and implement the legal management system for automobile products in accordance with automobile technical regulations, the government can effectively control vehicle products in terms of safety, environmental protection, and energy conservation. The basic trend is: more and more active safety technical regulations, more and more emphasis on children's crew safety, and more stringent technical regulations and standards.
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Legal restrictions on vehicle maintenance and maintenance
The US Department of Transport's Federal Motor Vehicle Safety administration formulates US federal motor vehicle safety regulations in accordance with the law on improving the safety of motor vehicles of 1999 (originally known as the law on motor vehicles) (these regulations mainly apply to transport companies, that is, the vehicle user, not the manufacturer, distributor or retailer, is applicable to commercial vehicles in use (including trucks and buses) and specifies vehicle safety, inspection and maintenance requirements, and related security planning. These regulations are also included in article 49th of the US Federal regulation set (CFR.
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The structure strength of large passenger cars must be rigid
The United States also has strict requirements on the rigid structure of the car body, large buses (usually, (any weight) long-distance transportation of buses and rated vehicles total weight more than 11793 kg) (26000 lbs) non-long-distance transportation of buses) overturned structure integrity. The agency proposed performance requirements that must be met in testing these types of new large buses to overturn the 800mm elevated platform to the horizontal ground. This performance requirement will also ensure that the seat and the luggage rack on the head are fixed, and the window glass remains in the position of its installation during and after the rollover collision, it will also ensure that the exit is closed during the crash process and can be operated after the crash.
Summary:If the shuttle bus needs to be evacuated immediately in case of an emergency, the most important thing is to stay calm. Currently, all buses use closed glass. There are usually three methods to help passengers escape. The first is the fire rescue Hammer, the second is the front and rear doors, and the third is the escape skylight on the roof of the car. In addition, passengers are advised to evacuate in an orderly manner according to the command of the passengers. Although the passengers may be confused when they encounter actual dangers, as long as they remain calm and operate according to the methods described in this article, it is still safe to a great extent, and I hope you will gain some benefits after reading this article.
