How is an oil and gas well formed?

Oil and natural gas are buried in rocks with pores, cracks, or caves ranging from dozens of meters to thousands of meters underground. In order to find and mine oil and natural gas, the process of drilling a channel from the ground to the underground is called the oil and natural gas drilling. So how can a gas well or an oil well be formed?

Before drilling, determine the drilling position on the ground (that isDrilling position).Derrick and rig. During drilling, the drill pipe and drill bit are rotated by the power of the drilling rig, and the drill bit is gradually broken down to form a rock layer.Wellbore(Also called wellbore ). The drill hole size is determined by the bit size. The drill bit passes throughHollow Drill PipeUnderground injectionDrilling Fluid(Commonly known as drilling mud), the large amount of rock chips produced by the bit in the broken groundCirculating drilling fluidTo the ground. After the ground's solid control device clears the debris in the drilling fluid, the drilling fluid is pushed into the well again through the drilling pump.Drilling Fluid passes through the drill pipe's inner hole to reach the drill bit's water eye, and then returns to the ground from the annular space of the well wall and drill column..Drilling ProcessThat is, the process in which the bit breaks the rock and the drilling fluid continuously carries the drill chips and forms the wellbore through circulation.

After the drilling depth is designed, special instruments should be inserted into the wellbore for logging, so as to determine the lithology of the underground strata and the location of each oil, gas, and water layer, then the seamless steel pipe (also knownCasing), And injected into the annular space of the casing and the wallCement SlurryFix the casing on the borehole wall. The last process refers to perforation of the casing at the oil layer to artificially form a tunnel in the downhole oil and gas flowing into the casing. When the formation pressure of oil and gas is high, it can automatically flow out of the ground. This well is calledSelf-sprayed oil and gas wells. When the oil and gas pressure is low, it is necessary to use external force to pump from the underground. This well is calledNon-self-injection well.

During drilling, a complete and fully functional drilling rig should be provided, with drill pipes, casings, and bit of which are of excellent quality and are not prone to accidents, and drilling fluid with excellent performance and well-matched strata. In short, the purpose of oil and gas drilling is to cut through the rock, discover and protect the oil and gas layer, and form a channel to ensure smooth oil and gas flow to the ground. Drilling is an important process in the petroleum industry. It is an essential means for exploration and development of oil and natural gas. It is a costly, complex, and risky system technical project.