How to rationally cabling the network

Network topology messy, wiring in the process of shoddy, equipment placed unreasonable, do not underestimate these network wiring when the negligence, there are chapters do not follow, they are a time bomb, will attack at any time, will destroy your network, your work. Mend It's too late for these problems to be avoided in advance.

As the foundation of the building, in the initial stage of network construction, wiring work is also very important, only the wiring work well, to the normal operation of the network to play a good "foundation." As the wiring is hidden works, so in the beginning of the line and design must be reasonable planning, only the establishment of a solid foundation to make the network building more solid. Then in the wiring process need to pay attention to which aspects? The author based on years of experience in wiring, from the fault for your readers to ensure network stability, wiring safety six points of attention.

Little knowledge: What is wiring

As the name suggests, wiring is the layout of cables, the installation of cables. In the construction of intelligent buildings need to first network cable, telephone lines, cable TV and other signal lines into each room to facilitate the use, so in the layout of the cable can not casually. In the actual wiring to follow a certain standard, this standard is structured wiring to follow. Only by a certain "structured" wiring can be in the future work to minimize the probability of network failure, but also to speed up the speed of troubleshooting network problems.

Based on the years of structured wiring and troubleshooting experience, the author summed up the wiring of the six major points of attention, we need to map the wiring design, implementation and cabling after the maintenance of three major aspects of attention to these six point, so as to ensure that we enjoy the network more smoothly.

1. Equipment to be compatible

Important Index: ★★★★

Key points: Device model, compatibility

After the company's network construction is always Gesanchaiwu phenomenon, this problem has not been resolved, accidentally replaced a switch after the fault disappeared. Why is that? The incompatibility of the device is the root cause.

There are two main network failures caused by device incompatibility, one is incompatible between two devices, the other is incompatible with each other of the same device. Let's look at "incompatibilities between different devices".

① incompatibility between different devices

The company is equipped with a three-tier switch (model is Avaya P580), and divided into 9 VLANs, of which three ports to three rooms, each room about 50 computers, are connected to the switch. However, in the actual use, but there is a computer room can not access the fault. Network connections, system settings are not a problem, see Avaya P580 connection to the engine room of the port found led off, normal network cable. Use the replacement method with the normal room of the switch to connect the problem room, found that the normal Internet. Further detection of the original connection to the normal room of the switch is 3COM of high-grade switches, and the switch connected to the problem is the tp-link of ordinary switches.

Through the analysis, the author concludes that P580 belongs to the high-end equipment, and the common Tp-link switch connection has a matching problem. This shows that the collaboration between the different equipment, especially the different manufacturers of high-end equipment and low-end equipment with the use of incompatible problems often occur.

Cabling Experience: All network devices adopt a company's product is a good way to avoid such problems, so as to minimize the high-end and low-end or even the same level of incompatible problems between different devices.

② incompatible at both ends of the same device

The office of a computer can not be online, after a simple test found that network nodes such as gateways are through, because of the previous two-machine interconnection because of the network card working mode does not match the experience, so I immediately the source of the problem to locate the network card working mode, into the "local connection" of the "Properties" window, click "Configuration" button to set the operating mode of the network card. Locate the "link speed" In the Advanced tab and adjust AUTO mode to 10M full mode (Figure 1). After the adjustment is complete, the computer will be able to go online normally.

Why is it that the computer can only use "10M full Mode" At this point? Test with a wire detector, found that the transmission speed of this network can only be 10Mbps, there are serious quality problems, re-production of information points and replace the network cable after the problem is completely resolved. So for network cable These concealed works equipment, must ensure the quality before installing.

Wiring experience: Do not choose to save dozens of dollars for the lack of quality assurance or small brand of network infrastructure materials, such as jumper, panel, network cable and so on. These things in the wiring will be placed in the ceiling or wall, the problem is difficult to solve. At the same time, even large brands of products to be installed before installation with professional tools to detect quality.

2. Insert line to be

Important index: ★★★★ key point: Broadcast storm, port

All computers in the company do not have access to the Internet, and the LEDs on the convergence layer switch are flashing. After the investigation to determine the problem is due to the broadcast storm caused by a plug in the original switch on the redundant network cable was used by the company's staff to plug the other end also on the switch, both ends of the RJ45 interface to the same switch port caused by the whole network broadcast storm. The problem is solved when the network cable is unplugged.

This type of wiring failure is mainly due to management confusion (Fig. 2), when we finish the structure of the wiring work should be redundant wire, equipment away, to prevent ordinary users from disorderly access to these wires. In addition, in some cases, users of the use of a drag-and-drop thread such devices will also cause the network broadcast storm, so the wiring to follow a strict management system is necessary.

Wiring experience: Do not leave behind the wiring of any parts, because the user is generally not familiar with the network, there is a problem is likely to Touyi, see the surplus equipment will be casually used, so that the problem is more serious.

3. Magnetism is the key

Important Index: ★★★

Key points: Electromagnetic interference, shielding

Company A computer can not connect the network, replace the network card and network cable are not solve the problem, take the test after the cable wire transmission speed is very unstable. After looking for, found that the network cable must pass on the road there is a high-power electric device, to avoid interference sources after the net unimpeded.

Why can electromagnetic devices interfere with the speed of network transmission? Because in the network cable to go is electrical signals, and high-power electrical appliances near will produce a magnetic field, this magnetic field will work on the nearby network cable, generate new electric field, will naturally appear signal weakened or lost situation.

Need to be aware of is to prevent interference in addition to avoid interference sources, network cable connector connection is also critical, whether the use of 568A or 568B standard to make network cable, must ensure that 1 and 2, 3 and 6 are two pairs of core lines, so as to have strong anti-interference ability.

Wiring experience: In the structured wiring must be in advance the line design, away from the large radiation equipment and large interference source.

4. Wiring also should prevent "heatstroke"

Important Index: ★★★★

Key points: temperature, heat dissipation

In high temperature environment, the equipment always fails frequently. Why? When cabling, you must have neglected the planning of the equipment working environment.

Hot weather in summer, the company's network also broken time pass, even when the connection, the speed is very low. It is often 30 minutes before the start of the morning, and then suddenly broke. The author does not solve the problem according to the conventional method. In the computer room debugging, the author touched the core equipment shell, found very hot, it seems that because of high temperature caused the switch failed. When you add a cooling device, the problem with network disconnection never happens again.

Why is that? Readers who have used computers know that computer systems often crash or restart automatically when the CPU fan is out of heat, and that the high speed CPU and core components need to operate in a suitable working environment (Figure 3), which is too hot to cause damage.

Wiring experience: Equipment Summer work must be done, especially for the core equipment and servers, they need to be placed in a specialized room for management, and also need to be equipped with air-conditioning and other cooling equipment.

The room where the equipment is placed must be installed

5. Connect the cable according to the specification

Important Index: ★★★★★

Key points: Straight line, cross line

The connection between the computer and the router has always been a problem, after viewing found that the use of the network from the purchase of the cable to connect, the original directly bought straight line, and the computer and the router need to use a crossover line to connect. It seems that wiring should also pay attention to distinguish between different lines.

It is well known that there are many kinds of network cable, such as crossover line, straight line, console line and so on, different cables have different uses in different situations. If the confusion of the types of arbitrary use will be the case of network impassability. Therefore, the structured wiring must pay special attention to distinguish the type of cable. Cable use does not meet the requirements will be the problem of network impassability.

Wiring experience: Although many network devices are currently supported DIP jumper function, that is, whether you are connected to the positive line or the reverse line, it can be used normally. But sometimes the equipment does not have dip function, only you in the connection of special attention to the type of wiring in order to avoid unnecessary failure.

6. Sufficient network access point

Important Index: ★★★★

Key points: Information points, cell boxes

"Gee, how does the office have no additional network interface?" "Similarly, NMS often hears. There is no way to prepare a network interface for a foreign user or an increased employee, which can hinder the work.

Indeed, many times in the structured wiring process did not consider the future of the upgrade, the number of network interfaces is limited, just enough for the current staff to use, if the new employees or the company structure changes, this problem will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to set aside a multiple network access point in advance for structured wiring.

As we all know, the development of the network is very rapid, a few years ago in the 10Mbps to the desktop efforts, now is 100Mbps, or even 1000Mbps to the desktop. The expansion of the network needs our attention, who do not want to use only 2-3 years to the wiring system for renovation, expansion, so set aside a surplus access point is very important.

Wiring experience to talk about: the so-called access point is the network access point, theoretically to have a surplus, so as to meet the needs of future upgrades.

Because most of the structured wiring is done by the wiring workers, these workers have a professional wiring certificate, so most of the failures can be avoided. However, we still need to check the technology when laying the line, only we notice these common problems mentioned above can really in the structured wiring to do "less money, more work, do good, not bad."