In-depth analysis of IIS 6.0

The story about IIS 6.0 is hard to understand. If you have already invested in IIS technology, IIS 6.0 is a fascinating topic. In view of the big difference between IIS 6.0 and earlier versions, it is difficult to use only one article to cover all aspects, therefore, this article first explores the installation, architecture, and new service functions of IIS 6.0 due to the differences in architecture, next, I will introduce the new features of IIS 6.0-some of which you may not have heard of, and some important changes in the default configuration, which may affect your migration plan.

1. Install IIS 6.0

First of all, let's start with the basics. IIS 6.0 is included in four versions of Windows Server 2003 Server: Data Center edition, Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, and Web edition. In addition, to answer one of the most common questions about IIS 6.0, IIS 6.0 cannot run on Windows XP, 2000, or NT.

After installing Windows 2003, you can immediately see the difference between Windows 2003 and IIS 6.0. One of the key changes is that apart from Windows 2003 Web, by default, IIS is no longer installed in other versions of Windows 2003. According to Microsoft's previous philosophy, IIS is automatically started when operating systems are installed, providing services for many Web applications. Windows 2003 is a major breakthrough. In Windows 2003, there are three ways to install IIS: use the "manage your server" wizard, and use the "Add/delete Windows Components" function of "add or delete programs" on the control panel, or perform unattended installation.

When you start Windows 2003 for the first time, the "manage your servers" wizard automatically starts, as shown in figure 1.

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Select "add or delete" role. In the "configure Server" wizard, you can see a series of configurable server roles, including "Application Server (IIS, ASP.. NET) "option 2. Select this option and click" Next ". The Wizard provides whether to install ASP.. NET and Microsoft FrontPage Server Extensions. We can see that Microsoft has adopted a new type of IIS installation policy "asking users for advice before installing any part". This is a complete change for Microsoft, prove that Microsoft is taking security issues seriously.

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Use the "Add/delete Windows Components" function in the control panel to be more flexible. Select "Application Server" in the wizard, and then click "details". The wizard displays a list of components with the "Internet Information Service (IIS)" option, some other options are not provided in the previous "Add/delete Windows Components" Wizard. Table 1 compares the main components of IIS 6.0 and IIS 5.0. If IIS 6.0 is installed here, the Web server may only support static content (unless some extension components are selected during installation ). Select the "Internet Information Service" option and click "details" to view the sub-components of IIS 6.0, as shown in figure 3.

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Maybe you have noticed some new component options listed in Table 1, but have you noticed that IIS 6.0 is missing? One of the most important items that disappear from IIS 6.0 is the document. In IIS 6.0, all documents are published as help files without the IISHelp virtual directory. In IIS 5.0, If you access the server locally, the IIS document is automatically opened on the Web site by default. in IIS 6.0, If you enable "http: // localhost ", only one page that declares that the website is being built can be seen.

In addition, there are some error handling pages in the IISHelp virtual directory of IIS 5.0, which are implemented in ASP mode. If you want to use customized (or modified) Help Files and error handling pages, you must create this directory on the IIS 6.0 website.

After further analyzing the sub-component list of IIS 6.0, we can find that the Internet Service Manager (ISM) installed by default in IIS 5.0 and IIS 4.0 has disappeared. However, if you click "World Wide Web service" (one of the sub-components of IIS 6.0, but it is not displayed), click "details ", we can find that there are sub-components in the Web Service of IIS 6.0, as shown in figure 4, including the original Internet Server Manager, but now it has been renamed "Remote Management (HTML )"; there is also the terminal service advanced client (TSAC) for Windows 2003 and XP versions-now it is called "Remote Desktop Web connection ". Now, we can not only easily add or delete these two child components, but also to other child components, including ASP, Internet data connector, file inclusion on the server side, WebDAV release, of course, there are also World Wide Web Services.

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The last way to install IIS 6.0 is unattended installation. As before, this is the only installation method that can install tools and default Web sites on other drives (rather than system drives. In Windows 2003, the unattended installation method is basically the same as that of Windows 2 K. Both Sysocmgr and a response file are used for installation. Of course, new features require new parameters, options, detailed description of this, can be found in Windows 2003 Release Candidate 2 (RC2), the address is: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp? Url =/technet/prodtechnol/windowsnetserver/proddocs/datacenter/gs_installingiis.asp.

If you upgrade IIS 5.0 or IIS 4.0 Server to Windows 2003, IIS 6.0 will not be set to automatic start. That is to say, if you install IIS by upgrading, IIS 6.0 is disabled by default, unless in any of the following situations:

(1) the IIS Lockdown tool has been installed on the previous IIS server.

(2) The registration subkey HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesW3SVCRetainW3SVCStatus exists and contains an arbitrary registration key. For example, you can create a key named EnableIIS6 and set it to DWORD type 1.

(3) During unattended upgrade and installation, the [InternetServer] part of the response file contains the DisableWebServiceOnUpgrade = True/False entry.

2. Support services

Some of its new features have been the focus of attention and discussion since the launch of IIS 6.0, and have become a celebrity. However, although some other Internet support services are not often mentioned, but it is also worth noting that one of them is the POP3 Service and the POP3 Service Web manager. We have no idea why Microsoft does not list the POP3 service in the "Application Server" component list, but after the SMTP service (the SMTP service is installed along with the POP3 Service ), the postmaster has been looking forward to the POP3 service for a long time and has been hoping to replace the large Microsoft Exchange Server with a simple POP3 service.

The Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) service is a new feature provided by Windows 2003. It is also related to IIS, however, it is not installed by default (note that UDDI cannot be installed in Windows 2003 Web edition ). UDDI is an industrial standard (not invented by Microsoft). It can use advertisements to publish Web services provided by IIS servers. The meaning of the word "advertisement" here is different from that of advertisements in daily life, it refers to a process that allows a client program (usually a Web browser) to learn about Web Services (usually ASP.. NET applications. UDDI is still developing, but some enterprises have adopted it internally so that developers can publish their code to other developers. More information about UDDI can be found on the following websites: http://www.uddi-china.org/(Chinese), http://www.uddi.org (English), http://www.uddicentral.com (English ).

The last important support Service is the backend Intelligent transmission Service, that is, the Background Intelligent Transfer Service or BITS. BITS is a background file transfer mechanism and queue manager, also known as the throttling transmission service. BITS Control