Indian music and dance

I. Music

Indian music has at least 3000 years of history. The song in the book 'pyriverid', which came out around 1500 BC, can be seen as the earliest lyrics. The moveda is a song set of ancient times, designed for the priests to sing at sacrifices. "Momo" refers to the tune. Therefore, like drama, Indian music may also originate from religious sacrifices.

Indians regard music as a kind of lofty art that can make the soul of a human exclusive world and sublimate to the spiritual world. Indian culture has always had a tendency to light material and focus on spirit. Music naturally occupies a sacred position in the life of Indians and in the mind. This is what tyr thinks about Indian music.

Ancient classics prove that India had experienced professional singers and music masters in the ancient age. Some of the stone carvings before and after the current year also showed their images. In the time of the Veda era, the stringy instrument and the pipe instrument of the dash have been made. Some of the most commonly used national instruments in India are in the same line. It may be that after watching the sound difference between different animals, Indian musicians improved the four scales to seven scales. The seven scales of India are considered to represent the sounds of seven different animals, namely, peacock, milk cow, goat, Mahu, Nightingale, horse, and elephant. There is a description of the seven scales in the amaphurveta. In the epic period, music developed rapidly under the support of the royal family. Before and after a year's eve, vocal music evolved from the elements of religious ceremonies to a highly secular art. In terms of instrumental music, there are more than 20 types of instruments mentioned in the two major poems modem Rodo and Luo moyanna. In terms of music, in addition to the seven scales, there are also seven kinds of music that are unique to Indian music. Although the above-mentioned book "dance theory" focuses on drama theory, it is also India's earliest theoretical literature of music. The music rules set by roaddo are still followed by Indian musicians. He is also a man of deep music from the dramatic works of kalida.

Lag is a unique feature of Indian music. The original intent is "color, Emotion" or "color ". In Indian classical music, it refers to a tuned music framework. Lagag consists of 5 to 7 required audios for impromptu performance or singing. The number is about 300, and about 100 are commonly used, but it is basically 6. These six basic lags are male tunes, which are derived from some female tunes called lagini. Ragiini was personalized as lag's wife. Each basic lag is equipped with 5 lagini and a total of 36 tunes. Specific lags and lagini can only sing at a specific time in a specific season or day, expressing a specific emotion or emotion, that is, the nine flavors of Indian traditional aesthetics ". Otherwise, it will be deemed out of date and ridiculed. Indian music forms the distinctive characteristics of beautiful melody, delicate and changeable.

Indian classical music was originally a system, but it was gradually divided into two major genres in the development process, namely, Indian Stan music and kanakak music. The Indian music is a northern music system formed in the 14th century. It is mainly used in north India, East India, and now in the northern regions of canacatak and andara. Its secular tendency is very obvious, and it is much influenced by external music, especially Persian and Arabic secular music. In the S Mughal dynasty, classical music flows from the Court to the people. The father-in-law of the mogher dynasty, the founding Emperor Baber himself, and the third emperor Akaba enthusiastically sponsored music. In fact, except for orrzeb, all the emperors of mugher love and sponsor music. Nstan music strictly complies with lag's time regulations. It generally adopts 10 same name lag classifications based on 10 basic scales developed by the 19-century musician padkenai.

Kanakake music belongs to the southern music system. Originated from the yarian age and formed after the 14th century, it had a strong religious color and was rarely influenced by external music. It basically maintained the characteristics of Indian traditional music. From the late 18th to the early 19th century, it was the prime time of canacatak music. The composite teaga laja (1767-1847), Dick sitar (1775-1835), and chashtrie (1763-1827) are also known as the Three Masters of canacatake music. There are 72 basic laags in kanakake music, which are produced based on the seven audios in the scale in different order and the changes in the music height. The rhythm rules are not as strict as those in the Indian music.

Indians can dance well, So folk music is also very developed. Classical music mainly meets aesthetic needs, while folk music has various social functions. People need music in both production and daily life. In the harvest season, when you marry and have children, people dance with songs to celebrate. Therefore, beautiful music is often heard in the mountains, forests, rivers, and oceans of India. Folk songs from countries like west Bangladesh, mahachtla, and andela are all well-known in the region of Indian Folk Music. Many folk songs can reach three octal levels. The prosperity and popularization of the rich Indian movies have also promoted the development of folk music. The Indian Poet Tagore enjoyed folk music. He created more than two thousand songs based on the absorption of folk music nutrients. These songs return to the people and are sung by the fisherman's village. Recently, western pop music has been introduced into India, and rock music has been welcomed by some young people in the city.

India has a rich variety of musical instruments, which are mainly divided into four categories: string music instrument, gram music instrument, body music instrument, and gas music instrument. Among them, the seven-string instrument, sitar, and dual-sided tambourine are both distinctive and expressive.

Indian music has had a huge impact on ancient Chinese music. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Indian music was introduced to China along with Buddhism. In the 3rd century, Vatican music began to become popular in China. In the Sui dynasty, the Qisheng scale was introduced to China. Tang Dynasty music is very developed, among which there are tianjiule, guizule, Anguo music, kangjule, western region music and other directly or indirectly derived from India's music components. In modern times, Indian movies, such as Laz's song, were also popular.

2 dance

A bronze statue of a dancing girl and a stone statue of a male dancer are found in the ruins of the Indian civilization Unearthed from mohenzadaro and kharapa. They show that Indian natives like dancing very much. In the mythical legends of India, the gods are the original dancers performing the dance of creation, protection, and destruction. According to the legend, wet Po, one of the three great gods of India, is the ancestor of Indian dance. It is said that he will dance 108 kinds of dance. In his dance, the universe begins to be destroyed and reborn. The image of the dancing king is well-known. It is very likely that Indian dance also originated from religious sacrifices. The original professional dancer needs to perform dance techniques at sacrifices to please the gods. However, as an art form, dance has a history of at least 3000 in India. Dance is considered a basic part of drama. The name of a dance drama was also mentioned in "The Book of the Buddha", which came out in the second century. Obviously, India's dance was very prosperous and mature before she wrote dance theory. According to dance theory, dance was essential for all important celebrations at that time. Dance theory has made rules for Indian classical dance and remains the theoretical source of all classical dance forms in India.

Indian classical dance is divided into two major systems and four schools. Due to historical and social changes, each dance form has unique skills after its evolution, but they still have some common aesthetic principles and skills, at the same time, they all draw from Indian mythology.

A classic dance genre in South India. Originated from Jintai milna Dupont. The former goddess dancing in the temple. The 16th century was introduced to the court. In the late 18th or the early 19th century, the modern form of pastroo dance was developed, but it was at a low point between the 1910 s and the 1930 s, and then quickly revived and took the stage. A solo dance is usually performed by an actress with the theme of Indian mythology. Dance is divided into six sections: 1. order, pray and give gifts; 2. pure dance, actors dance with the music; 3. short dance, with a brief expression of expression and gesture tailugu or taimilu accompanied by the lyrics; 4. the narration section shows all the plots with delicate movements, expressions, and gestures, and simulates several different roles at the same time. lyrical dance section, with a brisk dance performance of the praise of the secret; 6. pure dance, fast action, and refreshing. The fourth section is the dance center and climax. actors must complete a series of difficult actions on the supply tray as a prop. The dance is taken from and imitated by Indian carvings, and the actor shall dance with his knees.

Katakali dance is also a classic dance genre in South India. It originated in today's kalara state. "Katakali" means "story Show ". The dance is actually a dance drama in the form of an ancient sanskrit drama, and is still accompanied by Sanskrit poetry. In ancient times, local people used to perform dance performances. The content was mythical and legends. There were both rural Opera Troupe and professional opera troupe. Katakali dance evolved from these dance costumes. The dance was rooted in the beginning of 1500 and has been popular in the southwestern coast of India since 300. Most of the theme is taken from the epic modem Rodo and Ramayana and Hindu mythology. It is often performed in the open-air stage next to the country temple all night long, and the moon night is usually performed in the wilderness. All dancers are male and use 24 basic gestures, facial expressions, and movements to describe the plot. Facial makeup is similar to Chinese Peking Opera face. The green face represents the front of the gender, the green background safflower face represents the demon, the orange face represents the queen, the princess and other positive female played by men. Make-up once, it takes more than three hours. Both clothing and helmets are well-developed.

Kaback is a classic dance genre in north India. Originated from the temples of the state of rajstan and the state of the north today. "Katake" means "storyteller ". The storyteller tells stories in the temple to the books of the world, often singing and dancing. Katakhan was born. At first, it was very similar to those of the makaro dance. It was once a dance drama that shows the love story between heitian and Luo Tuo. After the Muslim invasion, katakhan disappeared for a while. Later, in the 17th century, Emperor mogher recovered. The influence of the mugher Dynasty dance music has greatly changed the form of the dance. The venue also switched from the temple to the court. Today, kaback dance is still a combination of Indian and Muslim cultures. The female and female dancers can freely play to the dance section with fast beats and complex movements, emphasizing the rotation and foot movements. The dancer's ankle is tied with an ankle Bell, and the soles of the feet are quickly hit with a drum. The ringtones are refreshing. Most of their costumes and themes are taken from the mogher's close picture. If the pokaro dance focuses on gestures, then the kaback dance is powerful.

Manipri dance is also a classic dance genre in north India. Originated in the state of mannepur in the Himalayas in northeast India. Originally, it was a group dance that the mountain danced during a religious ceremony. The content of the dance was a local culture, and then changed due to the influence of the bysynose sect. The early dance content was centered on the goddess of the snow-capped mountains of the master and his wife, and was later influenced by the devout movement, focusing on the love game of the dark sky and the Luo Tuo. The original Folk Dance classics combined with classical dance became a lyrical dance. The dance music has a simple melody, and the dance movements are smooth and elegant. Unlike the above-mentioned dance, manipri pays attention to facial expressions and gestures. It mainly expresses satisfaction through the gentle movement of the dancer's waist and limbs.

Folk Dances are rich and colorful due to the existence of various religions and races, especially ethnic minorities and tribes. People living in the mountains, forests, and villages dance to express their joy on harvest, marriage, and other festive days. Dance has been an important part of their life since ancient times. Folk Dance has a huge difference in style, but it can be divided into five types according to dance occasions: Work, seasonal, military, religious and ritual. Dance movements are characterized by imitating nature and labor, such as natural and rich colors, changing seasons, sowing rice, and collecting food. Some folk dances are also romantic. For example, in mannepur state, known as the land of dance, young people dance and talk about love in the moonlight. Indian Folk Dance is a treasure of countless dance resources and has immeasurable artistic value. In fact, most skillful Indian classical dances originate from folk dances. (Liu Jian, a researcher at the Asia Pacific Institute, Chinese Emy of Social Sciences)