Install Ubuntu 8.04 lts

The free Ubuntu 8.04 lts (long-term support) CD has been booked!Https://shipit.ubuntu.com/If you have a burner, you are better off yourself and be considerate of others.

General principles: work in the following parts(Update ended4Month27, Decided to stop the update, the article is boring after writing long, dazzled, stunned)

AuthorPengkuny
Original LinkHttp://www.pengkuny.com/post/Install_Ubuntu8.04.html

Considering that the article is too long (7000 or 8000 words), the article is divided into eleven sub-articles (blue text links ).

I.System initialization
II.Input Method
3..System beautification
Thu.Video tools
V..File browsing
Sat..System Management
VII..Other Software
8.Virtual
9.Programming Environment
10. KDE
11th. UbuntuProblems

1. system initialization
(No hard disk partition, system installation content, because there are too many installation methods, the difference is too big, only a few failures can control the system, huh, huh. This article focuses on Ubuntu configuration .)
First to the Chinese official website for basic settings: http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Qref/Hardy
1. Update source list,
Updae your system.
Switch the source of education network and telecom network:
(For a hard-working user, you only need to replace gutsy in the following source with hard-working)
Sudo gedit/etc/APT/sources. List

Configuring a source is sufficient. The system does not seem to automatically identify the fastest source. The more sources, the slower the update and upgrade processes.
# China University of Science and Technology (CERNET ):
DebHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard main multiverse restricted universe
DebHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-backports main multiverse restricted universe
DebHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
DebHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-security main multiverse restricted universe
DebHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-Updates main multiverse restricted universe
Deb-SrcHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard main multiverse restricted universe
Deb-SrcHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-backports main multiverse restricted universe
Deb-SrcHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
Deb-SrcHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-security main multiverse restricted universe
Deb-SrcHttp://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/Hard-Updates main multiverse restricted universe
# Source of China Telecom cn99
DebHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard main restricted universe multiverse
DebHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-security main restricted universe multiverse
DebHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-Updates main restricted universe multiverse
DebHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
DebHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Deb-SrcHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard main restricted universe multiverse
Deb-SrcHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-security main restricted universe multiverse
Deb-SrcHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-Updates main restricted universe multiverse
Deb-SrcHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Deb-SrcHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/Hard-backports main restricted universe multiverse
DebHttp://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/Hard main restricted universe multiverse

Adapt to different network environments:
Save:
Sudo CP/etc/APT/sources. LIST/etc/APT/sources. list_edu
Sudo CP/etc/APT/sources. LIST/etc/APT/sources. list_dianxin
Restore:
Sudo CP/etc/APT/sources. list_edu/etc/APT/sources. List
Sudo CP/etc/APT/sources. list_dianxin/etc/APT/sources. List

Sudo apt-Get update # This step updates your source list, which must be executed after the source is changed
Sudo apt-Get upgrade # This step is to update the software

AuthorPengkuny
Original LinkHttp://www.pengkuny.com/post/Install_Ubuntu8.04.html

Uninstall.

3. How to upgrade Ubuntu from the old system to the new system: for example, from Ubuntu 7.10 to Ubuntu 8.04
Method 1: command line:
1). Update the existing system (you must update the existing system first! Otherwise, dependency issues may occur)
$ Sudo apt-Get update
$ Sudo apt-Get upgrade
2). Modify the source
$ Sudo CP/etc/APT/sources. LIST/etc/APT/sources. list_gutsy
$ Sudo gedit/etc/APT/sources. List
Replace all "gutsy" with "hard"
3). upgrade the system
$ Sudo apt-Get dist-Upgrade
$ Sudo apt-Get upgrade

Method 2: Graphical:
$ Sudo Update-Manager-d
In this way, you can fully system the scripts officially compiled by Ubuntu without manually modifying the source, making it easier and more reliable.

SlaveDVDOfISOImage updateUbuntuSystem:( Http://zhongwenyu.bokee.com/3218162.html)
Official DVD: http: // cdimage.Ubuntu. Com/DVD/
The advantage is that the network is disconnected, saving you from the trouble of downloading images from time to time and directly uninstalling the package.
Sudo Mount-T iso9660-o loop XXX. ISO/Media/CDROM
AddCDROM
Sudo apt-CDROM-m-D/CDROM add
The source. list generated in this way will take precedence over ubuntu.org.cn (this is not verified). manually delete them and leave only CDROM for the upgrade:
Sudo apt-Get update
Sudo apt-Get dist-Upgrade

Now, you can view the Ubuntu version:
CAT/etc/issue
Or:
Sudo lsb_release-

4. automatix: Install the most popular Ubuntu software, which contains some software that is not installed by default, cool!Http://www.getautomatix.com/However, we do not have the hard version yet (it seems that development is suspended). Wait.

5. Save the downloaded update package. The downloaded package is in this folder:
/Var/Cache/APT/Archives
Sudo apt-Get clean
In addition, delete the installation package of the uninstalled software: sudo apt-Get autoclean

6. Installation of software packages in various formats:
1) nianqing.tar: tar xf nianqing.tar
2nd release nianqing.tar.gz: Tar zxf nianqing.tar.gz
3rd release nianqing.tar. Z: Tar zxf nianqing.tar. Z
4) solution nianqing. tgz: Tar zxf nianqing. tgz
5) nianqing.bz2: bunzip2 nianqing.bz2
6) nianqing.tar.bz2: Tar jxf nianqing.tar.bz2
7) bin: first grant permissions and then execute them directly, such as *. Bin installation:
Sudo chmod 755 *. Bin ------ change the BIN file to an executable file, or sudo chmod + x a. Bin
Sudo *. Bin --------- directly execute the binfile and then follow the prompts

7. back up and restore the system: Remember to use sudo. Otherwise, there will be some errors during backup/home. -- exclude = indicates the folder that does not need to be backed up. delete the files in the trash (recycle bin) before backup, the software packages downloaded from var/Cache/APT/archives can also be deleted, and the/media folder should also be excluded.
Sudo tar-cvpzf/Media/sda8/ubuntu_backup.tgz -- exclude =/proc -- exclude =/lost + found -- exclude =/mnt -- exclude =/sys -- exclude =/Media/
Restore: it has not been restored yet, ^_^
Http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/BackupYourSystem for more information

8. Where can I go after the program is installed?
I often cannot find how to enable the program. If I understand how Linux organizes the application, I can easily find it:
1) most commonly found in the "application" menu.
2) preferences generally involve software related to system management, such as partition software, mouse, touchpad, and awn.
3) Panel applets, right-click the Panel to add programs, such as time prompt tools and music panel plug-ins.
4) The software downloaded from the new version can be found through the above three methods. You can download and unzip the software on your own. If you cannot find the program, just pay attention to it:
Generally, it is installed in the/home/user directory by default. The installation instructions show how to start the program from the command line.
5) The. Jar suffix file can be executed directly.
6) All programs can be executed from the command line. Basically, enter the program name. Some programs need to add parameters.
7) create a starter by yourself.

8) when the system asks which program is used to open a file, use the which command to quickly locate the program location, for example, locate gimp: which gimp terminal display path/usr/bin/gimp (the program is basically in this directory ).
9) others do not know.

9. The CNR software installation is a waste of things in the past, but now it has improved a lot. It is equivalent to adding a rich software source. Http://www.cnr.com

10. How to delete the old Linux Kernel
Uname-A # Use this command to view the Kernel used by the current system.
Dpkg -- Get-selections | grep Linux # list the current kernel. The kernel with image is installed and can be uninstalled with the following command: sudo apt-Get remove linux-image-2.6.24-11-generic # Where the linux-image-2.6.24-11-generic is the version number, complete.

Ii. Input Method:
Three steps for the input method: scim → scim-Python → fitx, scim-Python Based on scim, fitx Based on scim-Python
Scim;
Scim-Python: Very good.AndScimIntegration, IntegratedSogou PinYin Input MethodAnd canDynamically adjust Word Frequency, UseSecondary key selection,SimpleEnglish prompt. The disadvantage is that, due to Python, the response is slow in some cases, and the response speed is normal. Scim-Python comes with two input methods: Python PinYin Input Method and sentence input method. I use smart pinyin as a backup, because it is responsive.
Fitx:Fun input toy for LinuxThere are many features for porting from Mac, but the only feature of porting is: very powerful intelligent short sentences. Currently, it is still a semi-finished product. The common problem is that a fitx process is started every time the input method is switched. The original fitx process will not be closed, and the memory usage will be continuously increased. If you can handle it, install it. Another disadvantage is that you cannot dynamically adjust the word frequency!

Fcitx.

1. Delete unnecessary input methods of scim:
Location of the code table Folder:/usr/share/scim/tables. The smart pinyin code table is not in it. If you only use intelligence, delete all the code table folders.
# Sudo Rm-r/usr/share/scim/Tables

Otherwise, save the expected code table and delete the remaining code table.
Restart X.

2. Use scim in an English environment. Method:
The simplest way is to select Chinese support in system-language support; otherwise, you must install scim on your own.

3. Install scim-Python:
Http://code.google.com/p/scim-python/downloads/listdownload scim-Python source code package.

Run the following command:
$ Sudo apt-Get install scim-dev $ sudo apt-Get install Python-Enchant $ sudo apt-Get install python-gtk2-dev
$ Sudo apt-Get install libgtk2.0-dev $ tar jxvf scim-python-?#version=.tar.bz2 $ CD scim-Python-$ {version} $./configure -- prefix =/usr

$ Make
$ Sudo make install
Log on to the desktop again.
Set your own Shortcut Keys: for example, CTRL to switch between Chinese and English, and shift to select 2 or 3
Sudo gedit ~ /. Scim/config
Modify:
/Imengine/chewing/chiengkey = Control + control_r + keyrelease, control + control_l + keyrelease
/Imengine/pinyin/Mode