Installation and uninstallation of all software in a Linux environment (non-UI operation) Summary

Software management of the UI interface

Linux under the software is generally compressed, the main format has these kinds: rpm, tar, tar.gz, tgz, and so on. So the first thing to do when you get the software is unzip.

It is easy to install the software in RPM format under Xwindow, as long as the mouse is moved to a file right-click, there will be a special three items in the popup menu ( only the right-click RPM file will appear) show Info,upgrade and install, these three items of meaning everyone is very clear, I will not say more.

RPM format said, followed by tar,tar.gz,tgz, and so on, under Xwindow double-click these formats of files will be automatically decompressed, is decompressed instead of the Install option like RPM, install files will appear after you unzip, but here I want to say first , before you double-click Install, it is recommended to take a good look at the readme, because you have to install the software may not be compiled, so it would be better to look at it.

Classification of Linux Software

We put the installation of the Linux program into three parts: first, the Common source installation method, and the second is the general method of binary package installation, and the third is the distribution related installation method.

QT is the development repository for KDE, andGTK + is the development repository for GNOME. the author of Qt, Trolltech, is the company that makes Opera's browser. Because the original QT was incompatible with the GPL, Gnome was the name of the GNU Network Object Model environment. Of course, now on the Linux platform, QT is already a GPL-compatible one. If you want to compile KDE programs, the QT library must be installed. The GTK Library includes four components of glib, Pango, ATK, and GTK +, and if you want to compile the software, you'll have to load them all up.

Software Management for text command line

1. Possible software formats for Linux

Linux program installation, in general, can be divided into two types: One is the source package , the file name is generally *.tar.gz,*.tar.bz2,*.tgz and *.tbz2 is their corresponding abbreviation format; Two is a binary package, Generally for a specific release version of the production, more kinds, *.rpm,*.deb,*.run, I have seen the *.tbz2 format of the binary package.

The format of the software in the Linux environment:

(1). RPM was originally a package format provided by Red Hat Linux and is now used by many Linux distributions

Now CentOS uses RPM to manage. RPM software, which is a compiled file that operates directly using RPM.

(2) suffix. Deb is a package packaging format provided by Debain Linux

(3) The suffix is. tar.gz, tar. Z, tar.bz2, or. tgz are source files packaged using the UNIX System Packaging tool tar, may need to be compiled, or already contain compiled files

(4) The suffix is. bin is usually some commercial software.

2. Installation mode and uninstallation in different Linux formats

(1) Online software installation and uninstallation tools:

Centos:yum Install *, yum Remove *, yum list *

Ubuntu:apt-get Install *, apt-get Remove *

(2). RPM format Software Installation and uninstallation

RPM Command Main parameters:
　-I installs the software.
-t test installation, not really installed.
-P Displays the installation progress.
-F ignores any errors.
-U upgrade installation.
　　-V detects if the kit is properly installed.

Installation software: RPM-IVH mysoftware-1.2-1.i386.rpm

Uninstalling software: rpm-e software name

It is necessary to note that the above code uses the software name, not the package name.

(3) Install the. src.rpm file type

There are two modes of RPM, one that is already encoded (I386.RPM) and one that is not encoded (src.rpm).

RPM--rebuild Filename.src.rpm

At this point the system will establish a file filenamr.rpm, under the/usr/src/redflag/rpms/subdirectory, generate a binary RPM package, and then install the binary package. Packgename as mentioned earlier. It is generally i386, and the specifics are related to the Linux distribution. Then execute the following code:
rpm-ivh/usr/src/regflag/rpms/i386/filename.rpm

Same installation method as. RMP Software

(3) Source code for software Installation

Software installation using source code is more complicated than RPM installation, but installing software with source code is an important tool for software installation under Linux and one of the main advantages of running Linux. Using source code installation software, you can choose a custom installation method to install according to the user's needs, instead of relying solely on the preconfigured parameters in the installation package to select the installation. In addition, there are still some software programs that can only be installed from source code.

　　tar.gz (BZ or BZ2, etc.) end of the source code package, this package is the source program, not compiled, need to be compiled before installation, installation method is:

"1" opens a shell, which is the terminal
"2" Use the CD command to enter the directory where the source code compressed package is located
"3" unzip the file according to the compression package type (* represents the name of the ZIP package)
TAR-ZXVF ****.tar.gz
TAR-JXVF ****.tar.bz (or bz2)
"4" Enter the extracted directory with the CD command

Read the documentation: After successfully decompressing the source code file, enter the unpacked directory. Read the Readme file and the install file before installing. Although many source-code packages use the same basic commands, there are some important differences that can sometimes be found when reading these files. For example, some software contains an installation script program (. sh) that can be installed. Reading these documentation before installation can help you install success and save time.

Be the root user before installing the software. There are usually two ways to do this: Log in to the root user at another terminal, or enter "Su", at which point you will be prompted for the root user's password. After you enter your password, you will always have the root user's permission. If you are already a root user, you can proceed to the next step.

#./configure # config #
Make # Call make#
Make install # Install source code #
"5" configuration software :

./configure (some compression packages have been compiled, this step can be omitted)
"6" then call the Make command:

Make
"7" is again the install File command :

Make install
"8" Installation complete

"9" Deletes temporary files that are generated during installation:
#make Clean

= = = How to uninstall:
"1" opens a shell, which is the terminal
"2" Use the CD command to enter the compiled software directory, which is the directory at the time of installation
"3" Executes the anti-install command:

Make Uninstall

Some packages can be uninstalled with the make uninstall command after the source code is compiled and installed. If this feature is not provided, the uninstallation of the software must be manually removed. Since the software may be distributed across multiple directories in the system, it is often difficult to remove it cleanly and should be configured before compiling.

Note: Read the Readme file in the installation directory, of course, the best way is to specify the installation directory during the installation process,

That is, after the./configure command, add the parameter--prefix=/**,
such as:./configure--prefix=/usr/local/aaaa, that is, the software is installed in the/usr/local/path AAAA directory. The default installation directory for general software in/usr/local or/OPT, you can go there to find

Specifies that the software will be installed to the destination path:./configure--prefix= directory name, which allows for a clean and thorough uninstallation using the RM-RF software directory name command.

(4) installation package at the end of bin, this package is similar to RPM package, installation is relatively simple

The extension. bin file is binary, and it is the machine language that the source program has compiled. Some software can be published as an installation package with a. bin suffix,

"1" opens a shell, which is the terminal
"2" Use the CD command to enter the directory where the source code compressed package is located
"3" adds executable properties to the file:

　　chmod +x ******.bin(middle is letter X, lowercase)
"4" Execution command:

　　./******.bin (in the current directory to build the installation directory)

= = = How to uninstall: Remove the installation directory that you selected during installation to OK
= = = can be specified during the installation process, similar to the installation under Windows.

(). Deb Software Installation

is a package manager provided by Debian Linux, which is very similar to RPM. But because RPM appears early and is widely used, it is common in various versions of Linux, and the Debian Package Manager dpkg only appears in Debina Linux. It has the advantage of not being bothered by strict dependency checking, but only in the Debian Linux distribution to see this package management tool.

1. Installation
# dpkg-i Mysoftware-1.2.-1.deb
2. Uninstall
# DPKG-E MySoftware

Description

(1) For the decompression of only a single directory of software, uninstall with the command "RM-RF software directory name"; if the files are scattered in multiple directories, you must one by one manually delete (slightly troublesome), you want to know what files are installed to the system when extracting, you can use the command "tar ZTVF *." tar.gz "/" Tar YTVF *.bz2 "gets the manifest. The parameter z of TAR is called gzip decompression,x is unpacked, V is checksum, F is the display result, Y is called bzip2 decompression, and T is the list of files listing packages. For more parameters Please refer to man tar.

(2) The software package that provides the installer has already provided the installation script or the Binary Installation Wizard program (Setup, install, install.sh, etc.), just run it to complete the installation ;

Run the. Sh script:

(1) a.sh in the current working directory

　./a.sh
(2) If the file is not in the current directory, then you need to use the absolute path to execute, such as
　　/opt/a.sh

An anti-installation script or program is also provided when uninstalling. For example, Sun's StarOffice Office software suite uses a setup program named Setup and provides anti-installation functionality after the software is installed

3. How to execute the software after installing the software in the Linux environment

After installing the software, there are several ways to execute the software:

(1) You can also open a shell terminal, enter the software name, and in the "Run command" the same. If you do not know the entire command, you can enter the beginning of the letter, and then press the TAB key to find, the system will automatically display to enter the letter beginning with all the commands/

(2) You can also run the startup file directly into the installation directory

(3) Go to the/usr/bin directory to find the installed software startup file Execution command. The Linux system has all the executable file commands in the/usr/bin directory to start the connection, you can go to that directory to find the file you installed Start command, double-click Start

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Installation and uninstallation of all software in a Linux environment (non-UI operation) Summary