installed, do system prerequisites: Second understand MBR and GPT partition table

from the Intel 6 series motherboards, we started to provide UEFI BIOS support, formally support GPT hard disk partition table, replaced the previous MBR partition table format, but in order to maintain the compatibility of the old platform, Microsoft even the latest Windows The 10 system also continues to provide support for MBR partitioned tabular format.
 

MBR and GPT partition table detailed

The new hard drive (uninitialized) must be partitioned before the system is mounted, and the format of the hard disk partition initialization includes MBR and GPT two types. Of course, there is also a dedicated Apple partition map for Mac computers based on PowerPC, which is not covered here.

the full name of the MBR is the Master boot record (master boot recording), MBR was introduced in IBM PC DOS 2.0 as early as 1983. The "Master boot Record" is called because it is a special boot sector that exists in the start part of the drive. This sector contains logical partition information for the boot loader and drive of the installed operating system.

The primary boot sector is the first sector of the hard disk. It consists of three parts, master boot record MBR, hard disk partition table DPT and hard disk valid flag. In a total of 512 bytes of the main boot sector MBR accounted for 446 bytes, offset address 0000h--0088h), it is responsible for loading from the active partition, and running the system boot program; The second part is the partition table area (DPT partition table), which accounts for 64 bytes The third part is the magic number, which accounts for 2 bytes.

 

MBR Partition Table System

The so-called bootloader is a small piece of code that is used to load larger loaders on other partitions on the drive. If you have installed the initial information for the Windows,windows boot loader in this area-if the MBR information is overwritten causing Windows to not start, you will need to use the MBR Repair feature of Windows to get it back to normal. If you have Linux installed, it will usually be the grub loader in the MBR.

Partition table offset address is 01BEH--01FDH, each partition table entry is 16 bytes long, a total of 64 bytes is partition item 1, partition item 2, partition item 3, partition item 4, respectively, corresponding to the MBR four primary partitions.

Magic number is the end glyph, offset address 01fe--01ff 2 bytes, fixed to 55AA, if the flag error system can not start.

The MBR supports a maximum of 2.2TB disks, which cannot handle disks larger than 2.2TB capacity. MBR also supports only up to 4 primary partitions--if you want more partitions, you need to create so-called "extended partitions" and create logical partitions in them.

The full name of the GPT is the globally Unique Identifier Partition table, which means the GUID partition tables, which are introduced with the UEFI BIOS, since the MBR disk capacity and the number of partitions have not met the needs of hardware development, GPT's primary task is to break the 2.2T partition limit and support 18EB partitions.

GPT Partitioned Table System

In the number of partitions, GPT allocates a globally unique identifier for each partition, which theoretically supports an unlimited number of disk partitions, but on Windows systems it can only support up to 128 disk partitions due to system constraints, which basically satisfies the storage needs of all users. On each partition, this identifier is a randomly generated string that guarantees a fully unique identifier for each GPT partition on the earth.

In terms of security, GPT partitioned tables have also been improved in all directions. On the earlier MBR disks, the partition and boot information is saved together. If this part of the data is overwritten or destroyed, things will be in trouble. In contrast, GPT keeps a copy of this information on the entire disk, so it is more robust and can restore this piece of information that is corrupted. GPT also maintains a cyclic redundancy check code (CRC) for this information to ensure it is complete and correct-if the data is corrupted, GPT will detect the damage and recover from other places on the disk.

Summary: therefore, for new platform users (Intel 6 series later/AMD 900 and a series), it is highly recommended to use GPT partitioned table format, currently includes Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, and 10 already support reading and using GPT partition tables. For users using Windows 8, 8.1, and 10, the start-up speed can also be significantly improved after switching to GPT.

UEFI BIOS Detailed

The full name of UEFI is the unified extensible Firmware Interface, meaning the unified Extensible Firmware Interface, which is based on the EFI 1.10 standard, and it is important to note that before UEFI is formally established, Intel began to actively promote the traditional BIOS upgrade program, and finally established the transition solution EFI standard, until 2007 Intel to the EFI standard improvement and improvement work to unified EFI form for full responsibility, EFI standard was formally renamed to Uefi.

Some of the biggest differences compared to traditional bios,uefi are:

1, the code 99% is completed by the C language;

2, a change before the interruption, the method of hardware port operation, and adopted a new way of driver/protocol;

3, will not support X86 real mode, and the direct use of flat mode (that is, can not use DOS, now some EFI or UEFI can be used because it is compatible, but in fact this part is not the definition of UEFI);

4, the output is no longer a simple binary code, changed to removable binary Drivers;

5, OS Start is no longer called Int19, but direct use of protocol/device Path;

6, for the third party development, the former basically do not, unless participate in the design of the BIOS, but also by the size of the ROM limit, the latter is more convenient.

7, to compensate for the bios of the new hardware support problem.

UEFI and GPT are mutually reinforcing, and both are indispensable, and you must be a UEFI BIOS environment to use GPT partitioned tables. Uefi in the user's most typical feature is the use of graphical interface, although not yet the operating system interface graphics interactive function, but the user-friendly interface, mouse operation, the BIOS has become very easy to use, for many computer novice users can also be very good to view and set the BIOS related options and functions.

In addition to the graphical interface, UEFI provides file system support compared to the traditional BIOS, which directly reads files in the FAT and FAT32 partitions, such as Asus, Hua Yin, etc. motherboards that update the BIOS in a UEFI BIOS environment to directly read the BIOS and other files in the USB flash drive. In addition, the new UEFI motherboard basically provides screenshots, these screenshots can be stored in the USB flash drive.

One important feature of UEFI is that it runs applications under UEFI, which usually ends with EFI. Uefi can be used to directly identify files in a FAT partition and to run applications directly in it. We can make the Windows Installer an EFI type application and then put it in any FATA partition and run it directly.

UEFI Boot Order

UEFI Modular design, it is logically divided into hardware control and OS (operating system) software management, hardware control for all UEFI version common, and OS Software management is actually a programmable open interface. With this interface, the motherboard vendors can achieve a variety of rich functions. For example, the various backup and diagnostic functions that we are familiar with can be implemented via UEFI, which the motherboard or firmware vendor can use as a major selling point for their products. UEFI also provides powerful networking features that allow reliable remote troubleshooting of your hosts without the need to enter the operating system.

Of course, because UEFI is mainly written in high-level languages (c), compared to the traditional assembly language of the BIOS, the UEFI BIOS is weaker than the traditional BIOS in terms of security, and is more susceptible to virus attacks, and security needs to be further improved. However, the UEFI BIOS has been very successful in the face of graphical interfaces and application extensions.

 

One more Thing ...

After talking about the MBR/GPT partition table and the Uefi BIOS, let's talk about installing the Windows system under UEFI, which already says that UEFI and GPT are mutually reinforcing, and if you install Windows systems using UEFI mode, the hard disk partition table must be GPT.

remark: motherboard in order to be compatible with MBR partitioned tables, the legacy BIOS and UEFI BIOS boot mode options are generally available, and UEFI boot mode must be turned on if you want to install Windows in UEFI mode.

Currently 64bit Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, 10 already support GPT partition tables, and Windows 8, 8.1, 10 are natively supported UEFI, when installing these systems: as long as the hard disk is set to the GPT partition Table board is set to UEFI boot, You can start installing the operating system directly.

For Windows Vista, 7 systems, you need to add UEFI support manually, we can find a Windows 8 or 10 installation image, extract the Bootmgfw.efi file from the installation file, rename it to Bootx64.efi, copy to the Win7 installation file \ Efi\boot\, if you do not have the Boot folder, create a new one.

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From for notes (Wiz)

installed, do system prerequisites: Second understand MBR and GPT partition table