Introduction of/eth in Ethernet square and construction of ore digging machine

Preface

This is a teaching article, mainly for understanding the Ethernet square and block chain technology used. It was a technical curiosity to write this article.

Block-chain technology began to use virtual currency, in which Ben Cong started the bitcoin block chain in January 2009. Bitcoin was born, through several rising prices let block chain technology is famous. Block chain is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm. How block chains are applied to areas other than money.

The Ethereum is the next generation of intelligent contract and the central application platform. The purpose of the ether square is to use the language of the ether, where the user simply uses a few lines of code to implement the logic, and can create all the systems mentioned above and many other systems that we can't imagine. such as virtual contracts and virtual letter goods.

The etheric Square builds on the ultimate abstraction of the base layer with a block chain built into the Turing complete programming language, enabling anyone to create contracts and to center applications and set up their freely defined ownership rules, trading methods and state conversion functions. Smart Contract an encrypted box that contains value and can only be opened if certain conditions are met. One could also be created on our platform. And because of the power of Turing completeness, value awareness (value-awareness), chunk chain awareness (blockchain-awareness) and multiple states, and the smart contracts that loved currency scripts can provide, are much more powerful. I personally have confidence in the future development of block chain technology.

Understand the technology first from the start. Mining is one of the means of using, through the construction of ore machine in the mine pool to dig the process of mining. To learn from the knowledge that is used.

block Chain

A block chain is a single machine with a shared state of cryptographic security transactions (cryptographically secure transactional singleton machine with Shared-stete). A separate field description is the form below.

Field	Description
Cryptography Security (cryptographically secure)	A complex mathematical mechanism algorithm that is difficult to unravel to ensure the security of digital money production. Think of it as something like fire-proof. They make it almost impossible to cheat the system (e.g., construct a fake deal, eliminate a deal, etc.).
Single Machine for trading (transactional singleton machine)	Only one authoritative machine instance is responsible for the transactions generated in the system. In other words, there is only one global truth that everyone believes in.
Shared state (with Shared-state)	The state of storage on this machine is shared and is open to everyone.

A block that contains a timestamp, a random number, a reference to the previous block (that is, a hash), and a list of all transactions that occurred since the previous block was generated. This creates a continuously growing block chain over time, which is constantly updated to represent the latest status of the Bitcoin ledger.

Although there are some differences in the block chain of the Etheric Square, the block chain of the etheric square is similar to the Bitcoin block chain in many ways. Their block chain architecture differs in that the etheric square blocks contain not only the transaction and the most recent state, but also the block number and the difficulty value. Digging Mine

The virtual currency generates a block of data at timed intervals. All the computers involved in the operation are trying to package the data block submission, and the person who eventually generates the data block can get a virtual currency reward.
To successfully generate a block of data, the computer needs to find the valid hash value (this computer is called a miner or mine). Since hashing is irreversible, it is difficult to find random adjustments that meet the requirements. And to get the right hash, there is no shortcut to go, only by guessing, guessing is a constant trial and error process that can predict the total number. If you guessed it, you got the virtual currency. (and this kind of guessing behavior is called digging mine)

The etheric Square uses an intrinsic digital token (ether) as a reward. Each time the miner proves a new block, a new one is generated and rewarded to the miner.

and the design target of the mining mechanism in the ether square
1. Resistance ore machine (ASIC resistance). The use of specially optimized chips to generate the mining advantage should be as small as possible, even if the use of ordinary CPU mining can generate revenue.
2. Light client can be validated. The light client should have the ability to verify the authenticity of each block. The goal is to run a C-based validation algorithm on a common desktop computer that is less than 0.01 seconds in length and less than 0.1 seconds with Python or JavaScript, with no more than IMB memory. An algorithm for mining the ether coins

The mining algorithm of the etheric coin (ether) is called Ethash, aka Dashimoto (Dagger-hashimoto), which is characterized in that the efficiency of mining is largely independent of CPU, but is positively correlated with memory size and memory bandwidth. The requirement for memory size and bandwidth is that the mining machine chips, which are deployed in large scale by means of shared memory, do not have linear or super-linear growth in the efficiency of mining.

Therefore, it is not necessary to specialize in the mining of ether coins. Use a CPU or GPU to dig a mine. Mine Pool

The place where a virtual currency can be obtained is called a mine pool. And I chose the F2pool Fish Pond (www.f2pool.com) is the largest mineral pool in China. The characteristics of the mining pool is free of charge, so it has become the first choice for many miners at home and abroad. By simply registering, you can join the mining.

Picture data to the word: qukuai.com Why should use the mine pool

In the case of bitcoin, such as the full network of Bitcoin 1600p +, and the current most advanced mining machine calculation Force about 10 ding, single mining machine to dig a block of the probability of less than 160,000 one, miners (people) into the real gold and silver to buy ore machine, pay electricity, not to do risky investment, apparently put into the pool holding group mining to reduce risk , it is more suitable to obtain stable income. Therefore, the emergence of the mine pool is inevitable, and can not be eliminated, whether or not to destroy the system of the principle of the central.

The core work of the mine pool is to assign tasks to miners, to work in statistics and to distribute benefits. The pool will be assigned different tasks depending on the strength of each miner. bit currency Ore Pool Center

The Bitcoin pool has always been a contradictory existence, there is no doubt that the mine pool is central, as shown in the above figure, the total network calculation Force concentrated in the hands of several mining pools, although the network thousands of nodes at the same time online, but only a few of the mining pool links to the voting rights, the other nodes can only exercise supervision power. Once again the miners were "dark", and the miners were once again ignorant of the block chain, and they knew only the task of completing the distribution of the ore pool.

Why did the bitcoin ore pool center? The first kind. The mining ecosystem is specifically designed to enhance the efficiency of the ASICs (ASIC) and computer chip control in the special task of Bitcoin mining. This means that Bitcoin mining is no longer a highly centralized and egalitarian pursuit, but requires the effective participation of huge sums of capital. The second is that most bitcoin miners do not actually perform block validation locally, but instead rely on the central pool to provide block headers. go to the center of the ether Square

Ether Square Now the aim is to use a mining algorithm that is based on a function that randomly generates a unique hash for every 1000 random numbers, removing the advantage of dedicated hardware with a sufficiently wide computational domain. Such a strategy would certainly not reduce the central gain to zero, but it is not needed. Note that each individual user can use their personal laptops or desktops to complete some of the mining activities almost free of charge, but when 100 of the CPU utilization, more mining will require them to pay power and hardware costs. ASIC mining companies need to pay costs for power and hardware starting with the first hash. So, if the central gain can be kept under (E + H)/E, then even if ASICs is made, ordinary miners still have room to live. In addition, we plan to design the mining algorithm to dig the mining Han to access the entire block chain, forcing the miners to store the completed block chain or at least to verify each transaction. This goes beyond the need for a centralized ore pool; Although the mine pool can still play the role of randomness in smoothing the distribution of income, this function can be done equally well by a peer-to-peer mine pool without centralized control. In this way, even though most ordinary users still tend to opt for light clients, increasing the number of full nodes in the network can also help ward off the centrality. Pre-Preparation Computer

To meet the Ethernet design goals, I used my home desktop computer to dig mine. The configuration is as follows:

System: Windows 10 Professional Edition 64-bit system
Memory: Memory 4G
CPU:INT6R 1.5142 million U
Memory: 4G DDR3
Hard drive: Mechanical hard drive 500G
Graphics card: NVIDIA GeForce GT 750M Graphics

The etheric square digs the mine is uses the graphics card's GPU to carry on the computation. As has been said before, mining is a hash value operation, this algorithm will be the largest 32-bit integer loop right shift operation. This algorithm can be implemented by a single hardware instruction in the AMD GPU. In the NVIDIA GPU, it takes three hardware instructions to simulate, and this only gives the AMD GPU an additional 1.7 times times the operational efficiency advantage. Therefore, AMD graphics card mining is preferred. Wallet

The wallet is authorized by the virtual currency and is the place where the etheric square is found. I use Ethereum official wallet Mist. Apply for a good wallet address record. Digging a hole needs oh.

Ethereum Wallet Download: Http://github.com/ethereum/mist/releasesa
Installation Tutorial: http://ethans.org/posts/584 Mining

Get all the information ready. Now start digging pit machine deployment. Go 1. Download Tool

Http://miner.tools/portal/article/index/cid/7/id/13
The mining software support single dig and double dig two kinds, single dig is to dig eth/etc a currency, double digging refers to eth/etc and another currency to dig together, will not affect the single dig e Dinges/E under the C, but the power of double digging is high, and can make the machine temperature is too high, easily lead to burning power or wiring problems, so be cautious Choose. 2. Dispose of mine machine

(1). Open the bat file with Notepad.

(2). Modify the configuration inside.

location	Description
First box	eth.f2pool.com:8080 (Mine pool address)
Second box	Wallet Number
Third box	Fill in a computer name (absenteeism number)

3. Start Digging mine

Double-click Start.bat to start digging mine, appear below the normal.
4. View Benefits

By visiting the https://www.f2pool.com/eth/wallet number, you can see the benefits.
For example: https://www.f2pool.com/eth/0X3CB643c3891fd41C8c4164B32D52d5Ec16572085
5. Related issues

Q1: Encountered local time and server time is not synchronized
A1: Just select "Sync with Internet time Server" on computer time.

https://www.guidingtech.com/3119/windows-clock-sync/

Q2: "No AMD OpenCL or NVIDIA CUDA GPUs found, exit '

A2: AMD and NVIDIA hardware or drivers are not detected, and the installation of the video card or driver is resolved. Conclusions

The main article is just a description of the block chain and the ether square articles, mining is just a little real.

Reference article:
1. https://baljiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1581231980661527205&wfr=spider&for=pc
2. http:// detail.zol.com.cn/picture_index_1126/index11257467. Shtml
3. https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/295430f16808aaOC760050d9.html
4. http://blog.csdn.net/taifei/ article/details/72895903
5. http://ethfans.org/wikis/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E5%9D%8A%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%A6