Introduction to Linux (Red Hat) (Reading Notes)

1. LINUX partition
At least two: Linux native (File) Partitions and Linux swap (SWAP) Partitions
The primary partition is used to store Linux Files, And the swap partition provides virtual memory for running Linux.

2. Linux hard disk name
Identifies hard disk partitions by combining letters and numbers, such as "hda1"
Meaning: HD refers to the IDE hard disk, SD refers to the SCSI hard disk,
The third letter indicates the device in which the partition is located, which is arranged in the order of A, B, C, and D.
The last number indicates the partition order.
The first four partitions (primary or extended partitions) are represented by numbers 1 to 4.
Logical partitions start from 5. For example, hda3 indicates the third primary partition or extended partition on the first IDE hard disk.

3. Tree directory
/Root directory,/usr

4. Use the magic partition to partition the computer

5. Install the network server version Linux

6. Select the partitioning tools disk druid and fdisk. We recommend that you use disk druid.
The main interface is 'current disk partitions.

7. We recommend dividing Linux into one root partition and one swap partition.
Use the tab to select Add and edit new partition.
In the mount point entry, enter "/" (root directory)
Select size and type Linux native.
Create a swap partition, leave the mount point empty, and select swap as the type.

8. Lilo Configuration
Linux Loader is the Linux boot tool.
There are two options: the primary drive zone of the first hard disk of MBR and the boot fan of the LINUX partition.

9. Select a software package
FTP server, Domain Name Server, web server, MySQL Server

10. Shell is like DoS
Various bash, CSH, and KSh
If the root login is #, others are $

P11
11. File Name and file type
Special files in Linux, device files.
In Linux, I/O settings are mapped to a file.

12. directory structure
In Linux, there is only one root directory, unlike in windows, one partition and one root directory.
If multiple partitions exist, Mount other partitions to the root directory.
In contrast to Windows, one is "/" and the other is "/" (in Linux)
/Home and/usr are the home and usr directories under the root directory.

/Bin: stores common Linux commands and tools
/Dev: stores all device files.
/Home: the user's home directory. Each time a user is created, a directory with the same name as the user is created,
Give the user a space.
/Lost + found: lost file
/Mnt: the mount point of the external device. CDROM and floppy sub-directories are usually used.
This simplifies the use of the disc and floppy disk. Run Mount/mnt/CDROM to mount the content of the disc.
Mount to/mnt/CDROM. You can access it.
Umount/mnt/CDROM after use
/Proc: a false directory where you can access the content in the memory.
/Sbin: stores system-level commands and tools
/Usr: usually used to install various software
/Usr/x11r6 X Window directory
Commands and tools installed after/usr/bin and/usr/sbin
/Usr/include,/usr/lib, and/usr/share are used to store some shared link libraries.
/Usr/local is often used to install new software
/Usr/src linuc source program
/Boot: Linux is started from here.
/Etc: stores most configuration files in Linux.
/Lib: static Link Library
/Root: root user's home directory, which is one of the privileges
/Var: usually used to store things in this change
/Var/log: stores system logs.
/Var/spool: stores emails, news, and print queues.

P12
Display file content (type in DOS)
1) Cat command
Cat file name 1 file name 2
2) more commands, less, Head, and tail

Edit File
VI file name

File Replication
CP a.txt/home/Use1
Rm a.txt
MV

Directory operations
Mkdir
Rmdir
The difference between CD and DOS is that a space is added.
"CD/", "CD ..", "CD." directly input "cd" to return to the user's home directory
PWD displays the current directory
Ls to list Directories

File and directory permissions
R w x readable, writable, and executable
Chmod
Chmod g + RW a.txt
G indicates the same group of users
Chmod 664 a.txt
After converting the permission value to a number

User Management
# Useradd user1
# Useradd-D/home/XF user1

Disk Management
DF is Disk Free

Software Installation
RPM/tar package

Install rpm
Rpm-IVH package name
-I indicates software installation.
Delete rpm-E Software name
Example
: Rpm-IVH sofeware-1.2-111.rpm for Installation
Delete: rpm-e sofeware

Tar Installation
Tar-xvzf package name first decompress
Read the install and readme files
Run the "./configure" command to prepare for compilation.
Execute the "make" command for software compilation
Run "make install" to complete installation.
Run "make clean" to delete temporary files.

How?
It is usually placed in the/usr/local/bin directory. For details, see the install/readme file.

X Windows Introduction
Ghome and KDE Desktop
Switch Desktop
# Switchdesk KDE

Install Chinese Input Method
Some commands

Network applications
1. netconf
2. ifconfig
Ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 (Format: ifconfig network device name IP address)

Network Configuration File

Web Server
Red Hat is integrated with the Apache server. You can select it during installation.
The configuration file is located in the/etc/httpd/conf directory.
After the modification, run:/etc/rc. d/init. d/httpd restart.
The main directory of the web service is/var/www/html

FTP Server
Integrate Wu-FTP in Red Hat
In the wu-ftpd file under the/etc/xinetd. d directory