Introduction to Photography (I.)

Recently began to study photography, summed up the previous learning, both for sharing, but also to record.

1. Exposure, determine the quality of a piece of the most critical objective factors

Means of controlling exposure: aperture , shutter speed .

If the exposure is analogous to the desired bucket of water, the aperture is the faucet size and the shutter speed is the time the tap is opened. The same amount of exposure corresponds to a variety of shutter combinations, i.e. increasing the first aperture and reducing the shutter speed at the same time will give the same exposure.

2. Shooting mode

Depending on the photographer's control of the light circle and shutter speed, the shooting mode is mainly divided into program auto (P), aperture priority (A), shutter priority (S), manual mode (M).

Program Automatic : The camera automatically adjusts the aperture and shutter speed, and the photographer can control other parameters such as ISO, white balance, exposure compensation, etc. The fully automatic mode is more intelligent and automatically adjusts all parameters.

Aperture priority : The photographer is free to select the aperture and the camera calculates the shutter speed based on the preset exposure value.

Shutter priority : The photographer determines the shutter speed and the camera chooses the appropriate aperture to get a preset exposure.

Manual mode : Typically this mode allows the photographer to manually control all parameters.

When shooting high-speed objects or for certain effects (traffic, water, fireworks, star shifts), photographers typically use shutter-priority mode, and aperture-priority mode is ideal for quick portraits (large aperture) and landscapes (small apertures). Manual mode for the creation of photography, program mode suitable for capturing.

3. Subjective factors

Highlight Theme (body)

4. Depth of field

When the camera has finished focusing, only the image of the object at a distance before and after the focus is clear, and the distance is called the depth of field.

Main factors affecting depth of field: aperture , focal length, shooting distance.

The larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field, the greater the focal length (long telephoto), the shallower the depth of field, and the shorter the distance, the shallower the depth of field.

In order to highlight the theme, portrait photography tends to blur the background, so the depth of field is shallow; landscape photography tends to make the overall picture clear, depth of field.

5. Exposure compensation

In some scenarios, the camera's preset exposure value does not accurately represent the photographer's intentions, and exposure compensation is used. In principle, exposure compensation changes the aperture/shutter speed to change the amount of exposure.

Portrait photography tends to increase exposure compensation in order to make the skin look fairer, and to reduce exposure compensation when shooting silhouette effects.

6. Other parameter control

Focal length: Mainly used to change the size of the scene in the image to complete the composition, it will also cause the amount of light and depth of field changes.

ISO: Light sensitivity, which is the sensitivity of the sensor to light. ISO height will reduce the quality of photos, high ISO is generally used for handheld shooting night.

White balance: Used to restore the color of the scene under different scenes. Generally automatic.

7. Common Concept and specification introduction

Safe shutter: Value equals (equivalent) the inverse of the focal length, and the shutter speed is greater than this value when hand-held easily count.

Focal length and focus: the focal length is the distance from the center of the lens to the focal point, changing the focal length to change the curvature of the lens (the lens of the camera is composed of multiple lenses, the focal length can be changed), and the focus is to move the lens in the direction of the vertical sensor so that it falls clearly on the sensor.

Sensor Specifications: Common full-frame (small format, 36mm*24mm), APS (24mm*16mm), 1-inch (diagonal 1-inch, 13.2mm*8.8mm), 1/2.3-inch (widely used in card machine, 6.2mm*4.6mm)

Focal length specification: according to the focal length from small to large, in order to have fisheye lens (<16mm, these are just vague range, the same below), wide-angle lens (16mm~40mm), standard lenses (close to human perspective, 40mm~60mm), Middle Energizer Lens (60mm~135mm), Telephoto lens (> 135mm).

Introduction to Photography (I.)