(iv) Webdriver API: Control browser and mouse, keyboard events

Reference Document: Webdriver official documentation, download link: http://download.csdn.net/detail/kwgkwg001/4004500

Bug Master: "SELENIUM2 Automation Test Practice-based on Python language"

First, control the browser

Webdriver mainly provides methods to manipulate the various elements on the page, but it also provides some ways to manipulate the browser, such as controlling browser size, forward and backward, and so on.

1. Control browser window Size

Webdriver provides the Set_window_size () method to set the browser size:

# Control Browser Size

From selenium import Webdriver

Driver = Webdriver.chrome ("Installation Tool \python\chromedriver.exe")

Driver.get ("http://www.baidu.com")

# parameter numbers are pixel points

Print ("Set browser width 480, height 800 display")

Driver.set_window_size (480,800)

2. Full Screen display

Webdriver provides the Maximize_window () method to make the open browser full-screen, with the same usage as set_window_size ().

3. Control browser forward and backward

The current browser provides both forward and backward functionality while browsing the web, and Webdriver also provides the corresponding forward () and back () methods to simulate the forward and backward buttons:

# control Browser Forward, back

From selenium import Webdriver

Driver = Webdriver.chrome ("Installation Tool \python\chromedriver.exe")

# Visit Baidu Homepage

First_url= ' http://www.baidu.com '

Print ("Now access%s"% (First_url))

Driver.get (First_url)

# Visit the News page

Second_url= ' http://news.baidu.com '

Print ("Now access% s"% (Second_url) ")

Driver.get ("Second_url")

# Back to Baidu homepage

Print ("Back to%s"% (First_url))

Driver.back ()

# forward to the news page

Print ("Forward to%s"% (Second_url))

Driver.forward ()

To see how the script executes, each step prints the current URL address through print (), with the following results:

Now access http://www.baidu.com

Now access http://news.baidu.com

Back to Http://www.baidu.com

Froward to Http://news.baidu.com

4. Simulate the browser before refreshing

In general, we refresh the page through F5 or the Refresh button on the page, Webdriver also provides a Refresh method, refreshing (), to simulate the page refresh:

......

# Refresh the current page

Driver.refresh ()

......

Second, mouse events

In the method provided by the Webelement interface, the mouse click operation can be simulated by clicking (), but there are many ways of mouse interaction, for example: Right click, hover, mouse drag and other functions;

Webdriver provides a actionchains class that encapsulates a common method of mouse operation:

perform (): Performs all the stored behavior in the Actionchains

Context_click (): Right-click

Double_click (): Double-click the mouse

Drag_and_drop (): Mouse drag

move_to_element (): mouse hover

1. Right mouse click operation

# Mouse Right click action

From selenium import Webdriver

From Selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import Actionchains

Driver = Webdriver.chrome ("Installation Tool \python\chromedriver.exe")

Driver.get ("http://www.baidu.com")

# Navigate to the element you want to right-click

Right_click = driver.find_element_by_id ("id")

# Perform a right-click action on the element you are targeting

Actionchains (Driver). Context_click (Right_click). Perform ()

...

2, mouse hover

Mouse hover pop-up drop-down menu is also a very common function design, move_to_element () method can simulate the mouse hover action, its usage is the same as Context_click ();

# mouse Hover

...

above = driver.find_element_by_id ("id")

Actionchains (Driver). Move_to_element (above). Perform ()

...

3, mouse double-click operation

The Double_click () method is used to simulate the mouse double-click operation;

# Mouse Double-click action

...

Double_click = driver.find_element_by_id ("id")

Actionchains (Driver). Double_click (Double_click). Perform ()

...

4, mouse drag and drop operation

Drag_and_drop (Source,target) hold down the left mouse button on the source element and move to the target element to release;

Source: Drag the mouse from the element

Target: Mouse-released destination element

# Position the location of the element

...

element = driver.find_element_by_id ("id")

# position the target where the element is to be moved

target = driver.find_element_by_id ("xx")

# Perform drag-and-drop operations on elements

Actionchains (Driver). Drag_and_drop (Element,target). Perform ()

...

Three, keyboard events

The keys () class provides almost all the key methods on the keyboard, Send_keys () does not have the ability to simulate keyboard input, and can also be used to enter keys on the keyboard, even key combinations, such as the following example:

# Simulate keyboard events

From selenium import Webdriver

# Introducing the Keys module

From Selenium.webdriver.common.keys import keys

Driver = Webdriver.chrome ("Installation Tool \python\chromedriver.exe")

Driver.get ("http://www.baidu.com")

# Input Box input content

driver.find_element_by_id ("kw"). Send_keys ("Selenium")

# Enter "Tutorials"

driver.find_element_by_id ("kw"). Send_keys ("tutorial")

# Remove "Tutorials"

driver.find_element_by_id ("kw"). Send_keys (Keys.back_space)

...

The following are common keyboard operations:

# Common Keyboard Operations

Send_keys (keys.back_space) Delete key

Send_keys (keys.space) space key

Send_keys (Keys.tab) line break key

Send_keys (keys.escape) fallback key

Send_keys (keys.enter) Enter

Send_keys (Keys.control, ' a ') Select all

Send_keys (Keys.control, ' C ') copy

Send_keys (Keys.control, ' V ') paste

Send_keys (Keys.control, ' x ') cut

Send_keys (KEYS.F1) F1 key

...

Send_keys (KEYS.F12) F12 key

The above for Webdriver Control browser operation and simulation of keyboard, mouse operation of the common methods, of course, the actual use of the process, but also need a practical business scenario, flexible use!

(iv) Webdriver API: Control browser and mouse, keyboard events