Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with operating systems-operating systems

I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;
2. Classification of operating systems;
3. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

three , experimental Expand Thinking

What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

Understanding and familiarity with the operating system

The operating system (Operating system, or OS) is a computer program that manages and controls computer hardware and software resources, is the most basic system software that runs directly on "bare metal", and any other software must be run with the support of the operating system.

The operating system is the interface between the user and the computer, but also the computer hardware and other software. The functions of the operating system include the management of computer system hardware, software and data resources, control program operation, improve human-machine interface, to support other application software, so that all the resources of the computer system to maximize the role, to provide a variety of forms of user interface, so that users have a good working environment, Provide necessary services and corresponding interfaces for the development of other software. In fact, the user is not exposed to the operating system, the operating system manages the computer hardware resources, while according to the application of resource requests, allocating resources, such as: dividing the CPU time, the opening of memory space, call printer and so on.

The operating system is categorized as follows:

1. Batch processing operating system

The batching (batch processing) operating system works by giving the job to the system operator, the system operator composing a batch of jobs for many users, and then entering it into the computer, forming a continuous workflow of automatic transfers in the system, and then starting the operating system, the system automatically, Execute each job in turn. Finally, the operator will give the result to the user.

The batching operating system is characterized by multi-channel and batch processing.

2. Time-sharing operating system

The time sharing operating system works by having a single host connected to several terminals, each with one user in use. The user interactively to the system to make a command request, the system accepts each user's command, the use of time-slice rotation processing service requests, and interactively in the terminal to display the results to the user. The user issues the next command based on the result of the previous step. The time-sharing operating system divides the CPU into several fragments called time slices. The operating system, in turn, serves each end user in a time slice. Each user takes turns using a time slice so that each user does not feel that there is another user present. Time-sharing system has the characteristics of multi-path, interactivity, "monopoly" and timeliness. Multiplexing refers to the simultaneous use of a computer by multiple users, macro-view is that many people use a CPU at the same time, microscopic is more than one person at different times take turns to use the CPU. Interactivity refers to the user making further requests based on the results of the system response (the user intervenes each step directly). "Exclusive" means that the user does not feel that the computer is serving others, just as the entire system is exclusive to him. Timeliness means that the system responds to requests from users in a timely manner.

Common general operating system is the combination of time-sharing system and batch processing system. The principle is: time-sharing priority, batch processing in the post. The "foreground" responds to tasks that require frequent interaction, such as the requirements of the terminal, and the "backend" processing of jobs that do not require strong time.

3. Real-time Operating system

The real-time operating system (Realtimeoperatingsystem,rtos) is a request for the computer to respond to external events in a timely manner to complete the processing of the event within a prescribed time limit and to control the operating system for all real-time devices and real-time tasks to work in unison. The objective of the real-time operating system is to respond to external requests within a strict time frame, with high reliability and integrity.

4. Embedded operating system

The embedded operating system (Embeddedoperating system) is a systematic software which can coordinate, dispatch, command and control the whole embedded system and all kinds of components, such as its operation and control, in the embedded system environment. and enable the entire system to operate efficiently.

5. PC Operating System

The PC operating system is a single-user multitasking operating system. The PC operating system is mainly for personal use, powerful, inexpensive, and can be installed in almost any place. It can meet the general people's needs of operation, learning, games and so on. The main feature of the PC operating system is that the computer serves a single user at a certain time, and the user interface is friendly by using the graphical interface, which is easy to use, and can be skillfully manipulated.

6. Network operating system

Network operating system is based on computer network, is a variety of computer operating systems according to network Architecture Protocol standards developed software, including network management, communications, security, resource sharing and various network applications. Its goal is to communicate with each other and share resources. Features: Multi-user multitasking operating system UNIX, NETWARE, WINDOWS NT Linux, etc.

7. Distributed operating system

A large number of computers are linked together through the network, which can obtain very high computing power and extensive data sharing. This system is called a Distributed System (Distributedsystem)

Advantages of Linux:

Stability, efficiency and security, hardware configuration requirements are very low, free or a little cost, because the code is open source so strong Linux has a large number of users and community support and development to share some good software, there is a very open use atmosphere.

Real multi-User: Linux implementation of different users of the common login system, and resource sharing is more fair. Instead of a pseudo multi-user operating system like Windows, if you need to log in more users, either quit the current user or buy a multiuser license from Microsoft.

Disadvantages of Linux:

The graphical interface is not good enough: this is probably the most important factor that affects the popularity of Linux desktops. But with the passage of time, X-window became more and more useful and more excellent. At present, each major Linux distribution, can be done well as desktop computer use.

Advantages of Windows

The Windows operating system is particularly clear, intuitive, user-friendly, and multi-tasking operating systems to meet the daily needs of most people.

Disadvantages of Windows

Windows has a slightly higher computer hardware requirement and is vulnerable to attacks and system self-crashes.

iOS and Android belong to multi-tasking operating systems.

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with operating systems-operating systems