Lab 0: Understanding and familiarity with the operating system

I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

The operating system is the program to manage computer hardware and software resources, but also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. An operating system is a collection of system software that controls the operation of other programs, manages system resources, and provides users with a user interface. The operating system is tasked with basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, prioritizing system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating networks, and managing file systems. The operating system is very diverse, with different machine-installed OS from simple to complex, from the handset's embedded system to the supercomputer's large operating system. There are DOS, OS/2, UNIX, Xenix, LINUX, Windows, NetWare and so on, which are common on microcomputer.

The history of the operating system is divided into the following sections:

1. Manual operation (no operating system)
2. Batch processing System

1) Online Batch processing system

2) Offline Batch processing system

1. Multi-Channel program system

1) multi-channel program design Technology

2) multi-channel batch processing system

1. Ctss
2. Real-time Systems
3. General operating system

Linux

Advantages:

Stability and efficiency: Because Linux is developed by UNIX, Linux has many similarities to UNIX, not just user interfaces and operations, but Linux also inherits the excellent stability and efficiency of UNIX. For a server that uses Linux as an operating system, running continuously for a year without downtime is a fairly common thing.

Low configuration requirements: Linux requires very little hardware, and it can run smoothly on a computer several years ago. With Windows, you need to constantly upgrade your machine's hardware.

Free or a little fee: Linux is based on the GPL, so anyone can use or modify the original code for free. It only takes a little bit of money to select a Linux distribution that is made by some vendors.

Strong support: A large number of Linux enthusiasts will discuss the conversation, and develop and share some good software, with a very open atmosphere.

Security: Linux has considerable user and community support, so it can quickly uncover system vulnerabilities and quickly release security patches.

Real multi-User: Linux implementation of different users of the common login system, and resource sharing is more fair. Instead of a pseudo multi-user operating system like Windows, if you need to log in more users, either quit the current user or buy a multiuser license from Microsoft.

Linux has many other advantages, such as strong network support, convenient console operation, and so on, although Linux is doing well on the whole, it still has some shortcomings.

Disadvantages:

There are no specific support vendors: Because the software on Linux is free to distribute, so naturally there will be no after-sales service and other support.

The graphical interface is not good enough: this is probably the most important factor that affects the popularity of Linux desktops. But with the passage of time, X-window became more and more useful and more excellent. At present, each major Linux distribution, can be done well as desktop computer use.

Window

Advantages:

1. User interface is unified, friendly, beautiful: Good graphical interface, with a good integrated development environment, easy to operate;
2. Rich device-independent graphics operations: device-independent means that the same effect can be displayed on a stylus printer and on a high-resolution display;
3. Integration of common application software, simple, fast, convenient. Suitable for the computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation;
4. WINDIWS is a multi-tasking operating system.

Disadvantages:

1. System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to viruses and Trojan attack; 2. The software version is low, and it is necessary to uninstall the upgrade by itself;
2. All software and programs pre-installed in the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system.

three , experimental Expand Thinking

iOS and Android are part of the time-sharing operating system.

Android is a Linux-based open-source operating system that is primarily used in portable devices. iOS is the mobile platform developed by Apple, only for iphone and ipad not open source, strict control software developers, must go through the App Store to review the shelves users to download the installation through itunes, the software extension is IPA can only call their own data and public data, So the iOS system is extremely stable without jailbreak, with almost no crashes (occasional program crashes and exits rarely).

Android is a mobile platform developed by Google, with a lot of users, an excellent openness, and almost the same functionality as iOS, and has developed rapidly and has great potential in recent years.

Lab 0: Understanding and familiarity with the operating system