Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

• Definition and concept of computer operating system;

The operating system (Operating system, or OS) is the system software that supports the operating environment of the application and the user operating environment in the electronic computer system, and is also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. Its responsibilities often include direct monitoring of hardware, management of various computing resources (such as memory, processor time, etc.), and the provision of application-oriented services such as job management.

An operating system is a system software (or a collection of programs) that facilitates the user, manages, and controls the computer's hardware and software resources. From the user's point of view, the operating system can be regarded as the expansion of the computer hardware, from the human-computer interaction mode, the operating system is the interface between the user and the machine, from the system structure of computers, the operating system is a hierarchical, modular structure of the program set, is ordered layered method, is an ordered hierarchy of random module calls. The operating system embodies the combination of computer technology and management technique in design.

The operating system is software, and is the system software. Its role in the computer system can be understood from two aspects: internal, operating System management computer system of various resources, expand the function of the hardware; external, the operating system provides a good human-machine interface, convenient for users to use the computer. It has a connecting position in the whole computer system.

• Classification of operating systems;

① simple operating system. It is the operating system that the computer initially configures, such as IBM's disk operating system dos/360 and microcomputer's operating system cp/m etc. The functions of this kind of operating system are mainly operation command execution, file service, support high-level programming language compiler program and control external device and so on.

② Time -sharing system. it supports multiple users at different terminals using one computer at a time, independent of each other, and the user feels as if a computer is all he uses.

③ Real-time operating system. It is the operating system configured for the real-time computer system. The main feature is that the allocation and scheduling of resources must first consider real-time and then efficiency. In addition, the real-time operating system should have strong fault tolerance.

④ network operating system. It is the operating system configured for the computer network. With its support, each computer in the network can communicate and share resources with each other. Its main feature is the combination of network hardware to complete the network communication tasks.

⑤ distributed operating systems. It is the operating system configured for the distributed computing system. It differs greatly from other operating systems in terms of resource management, communication control and the structure of the operating system. Because the distributed computer system resources are distributed on different computer systems, the resource requirements of the operating system for the user can not be as simple as the general operating system waiting for the allocation of resources directly, but to search the system on each computer, find the required resources to be allocated. For some resources, such as files with multiple replicas, you must also consider consistency. The so-called consistency refers to a number of users of the same file read at the same time the data is consistent. In order to ensure consistency, the operating system must control the file read, write, operation, so that multiple users can read a file at the same time, at any time at most one user can modify the file. The communication function of the distributed operating system is similar to the network operating system. Because the distributed computer system is not widely distributed, and the distributed operating system also supports parallel processing, it provides different communication mechanism and network operating system, which requires high communication speed. Distributed operating system structure is also different from other operating systems, it is distributed in the system of the various computers, can be parallel to the user's various needs, has a strong fault-tolerant ability.

⑥ Intelligent Operating System .

• Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems;

Mac

Advantages: Single beauty, good interface, smooth running, no virus infection

Cons: Most software in the country is not supported
Windows

Advantages: With more people, most of the software has win version of

Cons: Charging, easy poisoning

Linux

Advantages: Free, low-level open source, more secure, support platform rich and free to transplant

Disadvantages: Less application, no stable technical support and maintenance means

Unix

Advantages: Stable, excellent performance, good business support, rich management software

Disadvantages: High price, small use environment, limited platform support, basic no portability

three , experimental Expand Thinking

What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

IOS: Handheld device operating system developed by Apple Inc. iOS, like Apple's Mac OS X operating system, is also based on Darwin and therefore also belongs to the Unix-like commercial operating system.

Android: Led and developed by Google and the Open Cell Alliance, mainly used in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, a Linux-based free and open source operating system.

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system